Happy New Year 2020 Around the World – Part 1 – Daily Mail

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Say hello to 2020! Europe brings in the New Year following huge fireworks displays across the rest of the world

  • People around the world are ringing in the New Year and a new decade as 2019 comes to an end at midnight
  • Auckland and Sydney became the first major cities to kick off the celebrations with huge firework displays
  • They were joined by Seoul, Tokyo and Pyongyang, before Hong Kong marked the New Year amid protests  
  • South East Asia welcomed the new year next with epic firework displays from Singapore and Thailand  
  • The celebrations then drove westward, with western European countries now setting the skies alight 
  • The UK, Brazil and America are among the countries still waiting to put on a big show for 2020 

By Ryan Fahey and Sophie Tanno and Chris Pleasance for MailOnline and Afp

Published: 05:32 EST, 31 December 2019 | Updated: 19:49 EST, 31 December 2019

Billions of people around the world are celebrating the start of a new year and a new decade after the clock struck midnight across the globe. 

Sydney and Auckland became the first major world cities to let rip with huge firework displays, after a handful of remote Pacific island near the international date line had already flipped the calendar to 2020.

Organisers in Sydney decided to go ahead with their show despite calls for it to be cancelled amid wildfires that have brought swathes of devastation across the country, killing at least 12 and destroying dozens of homes. 

There were also fraught scenes in Hong Kong as the state marked the start of the New Year amid pro-democracy protests, as Beijing and Singapore celebrated at the same time. 

It comes ahead of Brazil and America who are still set to put on a big show when their times come. Hawaii will be one of the last to mark the end of 2019.  

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In London , the familiar ring of Big Ben ushered in 2020 amid what Mayor Sadiq Khan promised would be the ‘best fireworks the city has ever seen’ to ring in the new decade

Fireworks explode over The Coca-Cola London Eye, Westminster Abbey and Elizabeth Tower near Parliament as thousands of revelers gather along the banks of the River Thames to ring in the New Year on January 1, 2019 in London, England

Fireworks explode over The Coca-Cola London Eye, Westminster Abbey and Elizabeth Tower near Parliament as thousands of revelers gather along the banks of the River Thames to ring in the New Year on January 1, 2019 in London, England

Fireworks explode over The Coca-Cola London Eye, Westminster Abbey and Elizabeth Tower near Parliament as thousands of revelers gather along the banks of the River Thames to ring in the New Year on January 1, 2019 in London, England

Fireworks explode over The Coca-Cola London Eye, Westminster Abbey and Elizabeth Tower near Parliament as thousands of revelers gather along the banks of the River Thames to ring in the New Year on January 1, 2019 in London, England

Revellers look on by the London Eye during New Year's celebrations in central London just after midnight on January 1, 2020

Revellers look on by the London Eye during New Year’s celebrations in central London just after midnight on January 1, 2020

The London pyrotechnics show featured more than 12,000 fireworks, with the display set to a soundtrack 'inspired by London and Europe'

The London pyrotechnics show featured more than 12,000 fireworks, with the display set to a soundtrack ‘inspired by London and Europe’

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Fireworks light up the sky in Edinburgh during the Hogmanay New Year celebrations on 01 January, 2020

Fireworks light up in the fog in front of Atomium Monument to celebrate the arrival of the new year 2020, in Brussels, Belgium, 01 January 2020

Fireworks light up in the fog in front of Atomium Monument to celebrate the arrival of the new year 2020, in Brussels, Belgium, 01 January 2020

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The New Year is being celebrated on and around the Erasmus Bridge with the National Fireworks, in Rotterdam, The Netherlands, 01 January 2020

The New Year is being celebrated on and around the Erasmus Bridge in Rotterdam with the National Fireworks on 1 January 2020

The New Year is being celebrated on and around the Erasmus Bridge in Rotterdam with the National Fireworks on 1 January 2020

01 January 2020

The New Year is being celebrated on and around the Erasmus Bridge with the National Fireworks, in Rotterdam, The Netherlands, 01 January 2020

The New Year is being celebrated on and around the Erasmus Bridge with the National Fireworks, in Rotterdam, The Netherlands, 01 January 2020

A new firework display on and above the Binnenhof and Hofvijver near the Dutch parliament in The Hague marks the start of the new year 2020 during the National Countdown Moment

A new firework display on and above the Binnenhof and Hofvijver near the Dutch parliament in The Hague marks the start of the new year 2020 during the National Countdown Moment

Fireworks illuminate the sky over the Arc de Triomphe during the New Year's celebrations on the Champs Elysees in Paris, France January 1, 2020

Fireworks illuminate the sky over the Arc de Triomphe during the New Year’s celebrations on the Champs Elysees in Paris, France January 1, 2020

People take pictures of the fireworks erupting in the sky over the Arc de Triomphe during the New Year's celebrations on the Champs Elysees avenue, in Paris, on on January 1, 2020

People take pictures of the fireworks erupting in the sky over the Arc de Triomphe during the New Year’s celebrations on the Champs Elysees avenue, in Paris, on on January 1, 2020

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Fireworks explode over the Brandenburg Gate on New Year’s Eve at midnight in Berlin, Germany, 01 January 2020

moke rise as people set off fireworks near the Reichstag during New Year celebrations in Berlin, Germany January 1, 2020

Smoke rise as people set off fireworks near the Reichstag during New Year celebrations in Berlin, Germany January 1, 2020

Fireworks explode over the Brandenburg Gate on New Year's Eve at midnight in Berlin, Germany, 01 January 2020. The city welcomed the year 2020 with its annual fireworks display and street party near the German capital's most prominent symbol

Fireworks explode over the Brandenburg Gate on New Year’s Eve at midnight in Berlin, Germany, 01 January 2020. The city welcomed the year 2020 with its annual fireworks display and street party near the German capital’s most prominent symbol

The sky is lit in a display of fireworks during New Year celebrations at Brandenburg Gate in Berlin, Germany January 1, 2020

The sky is lit in a display of fireworks during New Year celebrations at Brandenburg Gate in Berlin, Germany January 1, 2020

Fireworks explode around the Berlin television tower during New Year celebrations in Berlin, Germany, January 1, 2020

Fireworks explode around the Berlin television tower during New Year celebrations in Berlin, Germany, January 1, 2020

Fireworks light the sky during New Year celebrations in Frankfurt, Germany, Wednesday, January 1, 2020

Fireworks light the sky during New Year celebrations in Frankfurt, Germany, Wednesday, January 1, 2020

People stand on a bridge and watch fireworks during New Year celebrations near the buildings of the banking district in Frankfurt, Germany, late Wednesday, January 1, 2020

People stand on a bridge and watch fireworks during New Year celebrations near the buildings of the banking district in Frankfurt, Germany, late Wednesday, January 1, 2020

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Fireworks explode over Daugava river during New Year celebration in Riga, Latvia January 1, 2020

Fireworks explode over Daugava river during New Year celebration in Riga, Latvia January 1, 2020

Fireworks explode over Daugava river during New Year celebration in Riga, Latvia January 1, 2020

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Fireworks light the sky above illuminated Christmas tree at the Cathedral Square in Vilnius, Lithuania, shortly after midnight during the New Year’s celebrations, Wednesday, January 1, 2020

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Thousands of anti-government protesters and citizens watch a firework display during the New Year’s celebrations in Martyrs’ Square in downtown Beirut, Lebanon, Wednesday, January 1, 2020

Lebanese anti-government protesters and citizens watch fireworks illuminate the night sky during New Year's celebrations at Martyrs' Square in downtown Beirut, Lebanon, 01 January 2020

Lebanese anti-government protesters and citizens watch fireworks illuminate the night sky during New Year’s celebrations at Martyrs’ Square in downtown Beirut, Lebanon, 01 January 2020

Thousands of anti-government protesters and citizens gather during the New Year's celebrations in Martyrs' Square in downtown Beirut, Lebanon, Wednesday, January 1, 2020. Protesters have been holding demonstrations since October 17 demanding an end to widespread corruption and mismanagement by the political class that has ruled the country for three decades

Thousands of anti-government protesters and citizens gather during the New Year’s celebrations in Martyrs’ Square in downtown Beirut, Lebanon, Wednesday, January 1, 2020. Protesters have been holding demonstrations since October 17 demanding an end to widespread corruption and mismanagement by the political class that has ruled the country for three decades

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Fireworks explode over Alexander Nevski cathedral during the New Year celebrations in Sofia, Bulgaria, January 1, 2020

Fireworks explode over Alexander Nevski cathedral during the New Year celebrations in Sofia, Bulgaria, January 1, 2020

Fireworks explode over Alexander Nevski cathedral during the New Year celebrations in Sofia, Bulgaria, January 1, 2020

Fireworks illuminate the Athenian sky as the temple of Parthenon sits atop the Acropolis hill during the New Year celebrations in Athens Greece, 01 January, 2020

Fireworks illuminate the Athenian sky as the temple of Parthenon sits atop the Acropolis hill during the New Year celebrations in Athens Greece, 01 January, 2020

Video – Athens lights up in majestically as Greece welcome New Year

https://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-7839809/People-globe-begin-celebrating-New-Years-Eve-2019.html#v-1623743920128047106

Fireworks explode over the ancient temple of the Parthenon on top of the Acropolis hill as part of Greece's celebrations for the New Year in Athens on January 1, 2020

Fireworks explode over the ancient temple of the Parthenon on top of the Acropolis hill as part of Greece’s celebrations for the New Year in Athens on January 1, 2020

Fireworks illuminate the Athenian sky as the temple of Parthenon sits atop the Acropolis hill during the New Year celebrations in Athens Greece, 01 January 2020

Fireworks illuminate the Athenian sky as the temple of Parthenon sits atop the Acropolis hill during the New Year celebrations in Athens Greece, 01 January 2020

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A shower of fireworks explodes, illuminating the Athenian sky next to the temple of the Parthenon atop the Acropolis hill during New Year celebrations in Athens, Greece tonight 

Fireworks explode over the Kremlin in Moscow during New Year celebrations, on January 1, 2020

Fireworks explode over the Kremlin in Moscow during New Year celebrations, on January 1, 2020

Fireworks light up the night sky over the Red Square within the new year celebrations in Moscow, Russia on January 01, 2020

Fireworks light up the night sky over the Red Square within the new year celebrations in Moscow, Russia on January 01, 2020

Fireworks explode over the Kremlin tonight during New Year's celebrations in Red Square in Moscow, Russia

Fireworks explode over the Kremlin tonight during New Year’s celebrations in Red Square in Moscow, Russia

The view from the Moskva River of the New Year's Eve celebrations over Red Square in Moscow this evening

The view from the Moskva River of the New Year’s Eve celebrations over Red Square in Moscow this evening

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People gather at Erbil Citadel for the new year celebrations in Erbil, Iraq on January 01, 2020

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Children spin burning steelwools to sprinkle fire sparks as they celebrate the new year on a street of Kibera slum in Nairobi, on January 1, 2020

Girls look at burning tires to celebrate the new year at the Kibera slum in Nairobi, Kenya, on December 31, 2019

Girls look at burning tires to celebrate the new year at the Kibera slum in Nairobi, Kenya, on December 31, 2019

Men start buring tires on a broken bridge to celebrate the new year at the Kibera slum in Nairobi, Kenya, on December 31, 2019

Men start burning tires on a broken bridge to celebrate the new year at the Kibera slum in Nairobi, Kenya, on December 31, 2019

A girl spins a burning steelwool near a bonfire to sprinkle fire sparks as they celebrate the new year on a street of Kibera slum in Nairobi, on January 1, 2020

A girl spins a burning steelwools near a bonfire to sprinkle fire sparks as they celebrate the new year on a street of Kibera slum in Nairobi, on January 1, 2020

Children spin burning steelwools to sprinkle fire sparks as they celebrate the new year on a street of Kibera slum in Nairobi, on January 1, 2020

Children spin burning steelwools to sprinkle fire sparks as they celebrate the new year on a street of Kibera slum in Nairobi, on January 1, 2020

For more information please visit the following link:

https://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-7839809/People-globe-begin-celebrating-New-Years-Eve-2019.html

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Trip To Swansea In My Husband’s Motherland , Wales –Part 7

Photograph and Artwork by Ing-On Vibulbhan-Watts

Ing’s “Peace Comes To You”Poem translated into Welsh By Mr. Hywel Lewis on October 9, 2017

Sent: 09 October 2017 19:38
From: Lewis, Hywel                                                      Subject: poem

Pan fyddwch chi’n mwynhau diferion glaw,

Ddaw heddwch i chi,
Pan fyddwch chi’n clywed adar yn canu,

Ddaw heddwch i chi,
Pan welwch chi bysgod’n nofio mewn dwr glân,

Ddaw heddwch i chi,
Pan fyddwch chi’n clywed plant yn chwerthin,

Ddaw heddwch i chi,
A phan fyddwch chi’n hwmian wrth gerdded yn y goedwig

Ddaw heddwch i chi,,
A phan fyddwch chi’n eistedd yn dawel yn gwylio’r haul yn codi a’i osod
Gwrando ar y tonnau’n canu,
Yna ddaw heddwch i chi,
Gadewch i heddwch ddod atoch mewn gwahanol ffyrdd
Gadewch i heddwch fod gyda ni holl.

 Ing’s comments:
I was very lucky when I went to Swansea, Wales in October 2017. A friend came to visit us with her three daughters and her sister with one daughter. They made us very happy from their visit and all of them read my “Peace Comes to You” poem aloud for me to record their voices. They also wrote their peace comments from my Peace Project “What does Peace mean to you?” on my large Peace Poster. The girls enjoyed drawing artwork and writing their expressions on Peace. I was doubly lucky to have Mr. Hywel Lewis, who works at the Swansea Library, being kind enough to translate my poem “Peace Comes To You” into Welsh. Mr. Lewis also read my poem both in Welsh and in English for me to record. John went to Swansea many times to visit his sister but was unable to find anyone to translate my Peace Poem. John is Welsh, I thought that it is important for me to have a Welsh translation for my Peace Poem. I already have my Peace Poem translated into 28 languages and the Welsh translation added to this number made the total 29. I was so lucky, happy and grateful to receive this help, that I felt much better even though I had bad cold for the entire time of my trip to the UK.
Ing-On Vibulbhan-Watts, Wednesday, December 27, 2017

 

 Ing’s “Peace Comes To You” Poem in English and Welsh translated into Welsh By Mr. Hywel Lewis on October 9, 2017

 Welsh (Cymraeg or y Gymraeg, pronounced Welsh pronunciation: [k?m?rai?, ? ??m?rai?] ( listen)) is a member of the Brittonic branch of the Celtic languages. It is spoken natively in Wales, by few in England, and in Y Wladfa (the Welsh colony in Chubut Province, Argentina).[10] Historically, it has also been known in English as “Cambrian”,[11] “Cambric”[12] and “Cymric”.[13]
The United Kingdom Census 2011 recorded that 19% of people aged three and over who live in Wales can speak Welsh, a decrease from the 20.8% recorded in 2001. An overall increase in the size of the Welsh population, most of whom are not Welsh speakers, appears to correspond with a fall in the number of Welsh speakers in Wales – from 582,000 in 2001 to 562,000 in 2011. This figure is still a greater number, however, than the 508,000 (18.7%) of people who said that they could speak Welsh in 1991. According to the Welsh Language Use Survey 2013–15, 24% of people aged three and over living in Wales were able to speak Welsh, demonstrating a possible increase in the prevalence of the Welsh language.[14]
For more information please visit the following link:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Welsh_language

 

Ing’s “Peace Comes To You” Poem in English and Welsh translated into Welsh by Mr. Hywel Lewis on October 9, 2017 and Swansea Bay, Swansea, Wales, UK

“Welsh orthography: Welsh is written in a Latin alphabet traditionally consisting of 28 letters, of which eight are digraphs treated as single letters for collation:
a, b, c, ch, d, dd, e, f, ff, g, ng, h, i, l, ll, m, n, o, p, ph, r, rh, s, t, th, u, w, y
In contrast to English practice, “w” and “y” are considered vowel letters in Welsh along with “a”, “e”, “i”, “o” and “u”.
The letter “j” is used in many everyday words borrowed from English, like jam, jôc “joke” and garej “garage”. The letters “k”, “q”, “v”, “x”, and “z” are used in some technical terms, like kilogram, volt and zero, but in all cases can be, and often are, replaced by Welsh letters: cilogram, folt and sero.[75] The letter “k” was in common use until the sixteenth century, but was dropped at the time of the publication of the New Testament in Welsh, as William Salesbury explained: “C for K, because the printers have not so many as the Welsh requireth”. This change was not popular at the time.[76]
The most common diacritic is the circumflex, which disambiguates long vowels, most often in the case of homographs, where the vowel is short in one word and long in the other: e.g. man “place” vs mân “fine”, “small”.
Morphology
Main articles: Colloquial Welsh morphology and Literary Welsh morphology
Welsh morphology has much in common with that of the other modern Insular Celtic languages, such as the use of initial consonant mutations and of so-called “conjugated prepositions” (prepositions that fuse with the personal pronouns that are their object). Welsh nouns belong to one of two grammatical genders, masculine and feminine, but they are not inflected for case. Welsh has a variety of different endings and other methods to indicate the plural, and two endings to indicate the singular of some nouns. In spoken Welsh, verbal features are indicated primarily by the use of auxiliary verbs rather than by the inflection of the main verb. In literary Welsh, on the other hand, inflection of the main verb is usual.”

For more information please visit the following link:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Welsh_language

 

Ing’s “Peace Comes To You” Poem in Welsh translated into Welsh
By Mr. Hywel Lewis on October 9, 2017,  Swansea Bay, Swansea, Wales, UK

“Welsh numerals
The traditional counting system used in the Welsh language is vigesimal, i.e. it is based on twenties, as in standard French numbers 70 (soixante-dix, literally “sixty-ten”) to 99 (quatre-vingt-dix-neuf, literally “four score nineteen”). Welsh numbers from 11 to 14 are “x on ten” (e.g. un ar ddeg: 11), 16 to 19 are “x on fifteen” (e.g. un ar bymtheg: 16), though 18 is deunaw, “two nines”; numbers from 21 to 39 are “1–19 on twenty”, 40 is deugain “two twenties”, 60 is trigain “three twenties”, etc. This form continues to be used, especially by older people, and it is obligatory in certain circumstances (such as telling the time, and in ordinal numbers).[77]
There is also a decimal counting system, which has become relatively widely used, though less so in giving the time, ages, and dates (it features no ordinal numbers). This system is in especially common use in schools due to its simplicity, and in Patagonian Welsh. Whereas 39 in the vigesimal system is pedwar ar bymtheg ar hugain (“four on fifteen on twenty”) or even deugain namyn un (“two score minus one”), in the decimal system it is tri deg naw (“three tens nine”).
Although there is only one word for “one” (un), it triggers the soft mutation (treiglad meddal) of feminine nouns, where possible, other than those beginning with “ll” or “rh”. There are separate masculine and feminine forms of the numbers “two” (dau and dwy), “three” (tri and tair) and “four” (pedwar and pedair), which must agree with the grammatical gender of the objects being counted. The objects being counted appear in the singular, not plural form.”
For more information please visit the following link:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Welsh_language

Adelaide Dupont’s comments:
#welsh is a very #peaceful #language.

Ing-On Vibulbhan-Watts: +Adelaide Dupont Thank you for your comment
Have A Wonderful New Year

Adelaide Dupont: +Ing-On Vibulbhan-Watts I appreciate your #newyear #wishes!

 

Ing’s “Peace Comes To You” Poem translated into Welsh
By Mr. Hywel Lewis on October 9, 2017 and “The Flag of Wales”

“The Flag of Wales (Y Ddraig Goch) incorporates the red dragon, a popular symbol of Wales and the Welsh people, along with the Tudor colours of green and white. It was used by Henry VII at the Battle of Bosworth Field in 1485, after which it was carried in state to St. Paul’s Cathedral. The red dragon was then included in the Tudor royal arms to signify their Welsh descent. It was officially recognised as the Welsh national flag in 1959. Since the British Union Flag does not have any Welsh representation, the Flag of Wales has become very popular.”
For more information please visit the following link:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Welsh_people

 

 Ing’s “Peace Comes To You” Poem in English and Swansea Bay, Swansea, Wales, UK

Welsh syntax
The canonical word order in Welsh is verb–subject–object.
Colloquial Welsh inclines very strongly towards the use of auxiliaries with its verbs, as in English. The present tense is constructed with bod (“to be”) as an auxiliary verb, with the main verb appearing as a verbnoun (used in a way loosely equivalent to an infinitive) after the particle yn:
Mae Siân yn mynd i Lanelli
Siân is going to Llanelli.
There, mae is a third-person singular present indicative form of bod, and mynd is the verbnoun meaning “to go”. The imperfect is constructed in a similar manner, as are the periphrastic forms of the future and conditional tenses.
In the preterite, future and conditional mood tenses, there are inflected forms of all verbs, which are used in the written language. However, speech now more commonly uses the verbnoun together with an inflected form of gwneud (“do”), so “I went” can be Mi es i or Mi wnes i fynd (“I did go”). Mi is an example of a preverbal particle; such particles are common in Welsh.
Welsh lacks separate pronouns for constructing subordinate clauses; instead, special verb forms or relative pronouns that appear identical to some preverbal particles are used.
Possessives as direct objects of verbnouns
The Welsh for “I like Rhodri” is Dw i’n hoffi Rhodri (word for word, “am I [the] liking [of] Rhodri”), with Rhodri in a possessive relationship with hoffi. With personal pronouns, the possessive form of the personal pronoun is used, as in “I like him”: Dw i’n ei hoffi, literally, “am I his liking” – “I like you” is Dw i’n dy hoffi (“am I your liking”).
Pronoun doubling
In colloquial Welsh, possessive pronouns, whether they are used to mean “my”, “your”, etc. or to indicate the direct object of a verbnoun, are commonly reinforced by the use of the corresponding personal pronoun after the noun or verbnoun: ei d? e “his house” (literally “his house of him”), Dw i’n dy hoffi di “I like you” (“I am [engaged in the action of] your liking of you”), etc. It should be noted that the “reinforcement” (or, simply, “redoubling”) adds no emphasis in the colloquial register. While the possessive pronoun alone may be used, especially in more formal registers, as shown above, it is considered incorrect to use only the personal pronoun. Such usage is nevertheless sometimes heard in very colloquial speech, mainly among young speakers: Ble ‘dyn ni’n mynd? T? ti neu d? fi? (“Where are we going? Your house or my house?”).
For more information please visit the following link:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Welsh_language

 

Ing’s “Peace Comes To You” Poem translated into Welsh
By Mr. Hywel Lewis on October 9, 2017 and Swansea Bay at the back of Swansea Library, Swansea, Wales, UK
Photograph and Artwork by Ing-On Vibulbhan-Watts

Swansea Bay (Welsh: Bae Abertawe) is a bay on the southern coast of Wales. The River Neath, River Tawe, River Afan, River Kenfig and Clyne River flow into the bay. Swansea Bay and the upper reaches of the Bristol Channel experience a large tidal range. The shipping ports in Swansea Bay are Swansea Docks, Port Talbot Docks and Briton Ferry wharfs.
Each stretch of beach within the bay has its own individual name:
·Aberavon Beach
·Baglan Bay
·Jersey Marine Beach
·Swansea Beach
·Mumbles Beach
For more information please visit the following link:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Swansea_Bay

 

 “The 1588 Welsh Bible: The Bible translations into Welsh helped maintain the use of Welsh in daily life. The New Testament was translated by William Salesbury in 1567 followed by the complete Bible by William Morgan in 1588.

The Welsh language arguably originated from the Britons at the end of the 6th century. Prior to this, three distinct languages were spoken by the Britons during the 5th and 6th centuries: Latin, Irish, and British. According to T. M. Charles-Edwards, the emergence of Welsh as a distinct language occurred towards the end of this period.[17] The emergence of Welsh was not instantaneous and clearly identifiable. Instead, the shift occurred over a long period of time, with some historians claiming that it happened as late as the 9th century. Kenneth H. Jackson proposed a more general time period for the emergence, specifically after the Battle of Dyrham, a military battle between the West Saxons and the Britons in 577 AD.[18]
Four periods are identified in the history of Welsh, with rather indistinct boundaries: Primitve Welsh, Old Welsh, Middle Welsh, and Modern Welsh. The period immediately following the language’s emergence is sometimes referred to as Primitive Welsh,[19] followed by the Old Welsh period – which is generally considered to stretch from the beginning of the 9th century to sometime during the 12th century.[19] The Middle Welsh period is considered to have lasted from then until the 14th century, when the Modern Welsh period began, which in turn is divided into Early and Late Modern Welsh.
The name Welsh originated as an exonym given to its speakers by the Anglo-Saxons, meaning “foreign speech” (see Walha)[citation needed], and the native term for the language is Cymraeg, meaning “British”.”

For more information please visit the following link:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Welsh_language

 

Swansea Bay (1840)
Bartlett, William Henry, 1809-1854, artist. Armytage, James Charles, d. 1897, engraver. – This image is available from the National Library of Wales You can view this image in its original context on the NLW Catalogue
Abstract: A view of showing Swansea bay and a town. Ships are sailing in the sea and a lighthouse can be seen in the background.
For more information please visit the following link:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Swansea_Bay

 

Bilingual road markings near Cardiff Airport. In Welsh-speaking areas, the Welsh signage appears first. Photograph by Adrian Pingstone
The Welsh Language (Wales) Measure 2011 gave the Welsh language official status in Wales,[15] making it the only language that is de jure official in any part of the United Kingdom, with English being de facto official. Thus, official documents and procedures require Welsh and English to be given equality in the conduct of the proceedings of the National Assembly for Wales.[16]
For more information please visit the following link:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Welsh_language

 

Trilingual (Spanish, Welsh and English) sign in Argentina

Gastón Cuello – Own work

Sign at former Gaiman Station of the Central Chubut Railway

Sign promoting the learning of Welsh: Alan Fryer

Defnyddiwch eich Cymraeg – Use your Welsh. Detail of 488575

Origins

See also: Celtic languages § Classification

Welsh evolved from Common Brittonic, the Celtic language spoken by the ancient Celtic Britons. Classified as Insular Celtic, the British language probably arrived in Britain during the Bronze Age or Iron Age and was probably spoken throughout the island south of the Firth of Forth.[20] During the Early Middle Ages the British language began to fragment due to increased dialect differentiation, thus evolving into Welsh and the other Brittonic languages. It is not clear when Welsh became distinct.[18][21][22]

Kenneth H. Jackson suggested that the evolution in syllabic structure and sound pattern was complete by around 550, and labelled the period between then and about 800 “Primitive Welsh”.[18] This Primitive Welsh may have been spoken in both Wales and the Hen Ogledd (“Old North”) – the Brittonic-speaking areas of what is now northern England and southern Scotland – and therefore may have been the ancestor of Cumbric as well as Welsh. Jackson, however, believed that the two varieties were already distinct by that time.[18] The earliest Welsh poetry – that attributed to the Cynfeirdd or “Early Poets” – is generally considered to date to the Primitive Welsh period. However, much of this poetry was supposedly composed in the Hen Ogledd, raising further questions about the dating of the material and language in which it was originally composed.[18] This discretion stems from the fact that Cumbric was widely believed to have been the language used in Hen Ogledd. An 8th century inscription in Tywyn shows the language already dropping inflections in the declension of nouns.[23]

Janet Davies proposed that the origins of Welsh language were much less definite; in The Welsh Language: A History, she proposes that Welsh may have been around even earlier than 600 AD. This is evidenced by the dropping of final syllables from Brittonic: *bardos “poet” became bardd, and *abona “river” became afon.[21] Though both Davies and Jackson cite minor changes in syllable structure and sounds as evidence for the creation of Old Welsh, Davies suggests it may be more appropriate to refer to this derivative language as Lingua Brittanica rather than characterizing it as a new language altogether.

Sculpture of Owain Glynd?r, the last native Welsh person to hold the title Prince of Wales

Primitive Welsh

The argued dates for the period of “Primitive Welsh” are widely debated, with some historians’ suggestions differing by hundreds of years.

Old Welsh

The next main period is Old Welsh (Hen Gymraeg, 9th to 11th centuries); poetry from both Wales and Scotland has been preserved in this form of the language. As Germanic and Gaelic colonisation of Britain proceeded, the Brittonic speakers in Wales were split off from those in northern England, speaking Cumbric, and those in the southwest, speaking what would become Cornish, and so the languages diverged. Both the works of Aneirin (Canu Aneirin, c. 600) and the Book of Taliesin (Canu Taliesin) were during this era.

Middle Welsh

Middle Welsh (Cymraeg Canol) is the label attached to the Welsh of the 12th to 14th centuries, of which much more remains than for any earlier period. This is the language of nearly all surviving early manuscripts of the Mabinogion, although the tales themselves are certainly much older. It is also the language of the existing Welsh law manuscripts. Middle Welsh is reasonably intelligible to a modern-day Welsh speaker.

The famous cleric Gerald of Wales tells, in his Descriptio Cambriae, a story of King Henry II of England. During one of the King’s many raids in the 12th century, Henry asked an old man of Pencader, Carmarthenshire whether the Welsh people could resist his army. The old man replied:

It can never be destroyed through the wrath of man, unless the wrath of God shall concur. Nor do I think that any other nation than this of Wales, nor any other language, whatever may hereafter come to pass, shall in the day of reckoning before the Supreme Judge, answer for this corner of the Earth.[24]

Modern Welsh

Modern Welsh is subdivided within itself into Early Modern and Late Modern Welsh.Early Modern Welsh ran from the 15th century through to the end of the 16th century, and the Late Modern Welsh period roughly dates from the 16th century onwards. Contemporary Welsh still differs greatly from the Welsh of the 16th Century, but they are similar enough that a fluent Welsh speaker should have little trouble understanding it. The Modern Welsh period is where one can see a decline in the popularity of the Welsh language, as the number of people who spoke Welsh declined to the point at which there was concern that the language would become extinct entirely. Welsh government processes and legislation have worked to increase the proliferation of the Welsh language throughout school projects and the like.

Welsh as a first language is largely concentrated in the north and west of Wales, principally Gwynedd, Conwy, Denbighshire (Sir Ddinbych), Anglesey (Ynys Môn), Carmarthenshire (Sir Gâr), north Pembrokeshire (Sir Benfro), Ceredigion, parts of Glamorgan (Morgannwg), and north-west and extreme south-west Powys, although first-language and other fluent speakers can be found throughout Wales.

Outside Wales

Welsh-speaking communities persisted well on into the modern period across the border with England. Archenfield was still Welsh enough in the time of Elizabeth I for the Bishop of Hereford to be made responsible, together with the four Welsh bishops, for the translation of the Bible and the Book of Common Prayer into Welsh. Welsh was still commonly spoken here in the first half of the 19th century, and churchwardens’ notices were put up in both Welsh and English until about 1860.[31]

The number of Welsh-speaking people in the rest of Britain has not yet been counted for statistical purposes. In 1993, the Welsh-language television channel S4C published the results of a survey into the numbers of people who spoke or understood Welsh, which estimated that there were around 133,000 Welsh-speaking people living in England, about 50,000 of them in the Greater London area.[32] The Welsh Language Board, on the basis of an analysis of the Office for National Statistics (ONS) Longitudinal Study, estimated there were 110,000 Welsh-speaking people in England, and another thousand in Scotland and Northern Ireland.[33] In the 2011 Census, 8,248 people in England gave Welsh in answer to the question “What is your main language?”[34] The ONS subsequently published a census glossary of terms to support the release of results from the census, including their definition of “main language” as referring to “first or preferred language” (though that wording was not in the census questionnaire itself).[35][36] The wards in England with the most people giving Welsh as their main language were the Liverpool wards: Central and Greenbank, and Oswestry South.[34] In terms of the regions of England, North West England (1,945), London (1,310) and the West Midlands (1,265) had the highest number of people noting Welsh as their main language.[37]

In the later 19th century, virtually all teaching in the schools of Wales was in English, even in areas where the pupils barely understood English. Some schools used the Welsh Not, a piece of wood, often bearing the letters “WN”, which was hung around the neck of any pupil caught speaking Welsh. The pupil could pass it on to any schoolmate heard speaking Welsh, with the pupil wearing it at the end of the day being given a beating. One of the most famous Welsh-born pioneers of higher education in Wales was Sir Hugh Owen. He made great progress in the cause of education, and more especially the University College of Wales at Aberystwyth, of which he was chief founder. He has been credited[by whom?] with the Welsh Intermediate Education Act 1889 (52 & 53 Vict c 40), following which several new Welsh schools were built. The first was completed in 1894 and named Ysgol Syr Hugh Owen.

Towards the beginning of the 20th century this policy slowly began to change, partly owing to the efforts of Owen Morgan Edwards when he became chief inspector of schools for Wales in 1907.

The Aberystwyth Welsh School (Ysgol Gymraeg Aberystwyth) was founded in 1939 by Sir Ifan ap Owen Edwards, the son of O.M. Edwards, as the first Welsh Primary School.[52] The headteacher was Norah Isaac. Ysgol Gymraeg is still a very successful school, and now there are Welsh language primary schools all over the country. Ysgol Glan Clwyd was established in Rhyl in 1955 as the first Welsh language school to teach at the secondary level.[53]

Examples of sentences in literary and colloquial Welsh

English

Literary Welsh

Colloquial Welsh

I get up early every day. Codaf yn gynnar bob dydd. Dw i’n codi’n gynnar bob dydd. (North)
Rwy’n codi’n gynnar bob dydd. (South)
I’ll get up early tomorrow. Codaf yn gynnar yfory. Mi goda i’n gynnar fory
Wna i godi’n gynnar fory
He had not stood there long. Ni safasai yno yn hir.[82] Doedd o ddim wedi sefyll yno’n hir. (North)
(D)ôdd e ddim wedi sefyll yna’n hir. (South)
They’ll sleep only when there’s a need. Ni chysgant ond pan fo angen. Fyddan nhw’n cysgu ddim ond pan fydd angen.

In fact, the differences between dialects of modern spoken Welsh pale into insignificance compared to the difference between some forms of the spoken language and the most formal constructions of the literary language. The latter is considerably more conservative and is the language used in Welsh translations of the Bible, amongst other things (although the 2004 Beibl Cymraeg Newydd – New Welsh Bible – is significantly less formal than the traditional 1588 Bible). Gareth King, author of a popular Welsh grammar, observes that “The difference between these two is much greater than between the virtually identical colloquial and literary forms of English”.[83] A grammar of Literary Welsh can be found in A Grammar of Welsh (1980) by Stephen J. Williams[84] or more completely in Gramadeg y Gymraeg (1996) by Peter Wynn Thomas.[85] (No comprehensive grammar of formal literary Welsh exists in English.) An English-language guide to colloquial Welsh forms and register and dialect differences is “Dweud Eich Dweud” (2001, 2013) by Ceri Jones.[86]

Welsh emigration

Flag of the city of Puerto Madryn, Argentina, inspired by the Flag of Wales, owing to the Welsh immigration

There has been migration from Wales to the rest of Britain throughout its history. During the Industrial Revolution thousands of Welsh people migrated, for example, to Liverpool and Ashton-in-Makerfield.[72][73] As a result, some people from England, Scotland and Ireland have Welsh surnames.[74][75][76][77]

John Adams, the second President of the United States (1797–1801), whose paternal great-grandfather David Adams was born and bred at “Fferm Penybanc”, Llanboidy, Carmarthenshire, Wales[78] and who emigrated from Wales in 1675.

Other Welsh settlers moved to other parts of Europe, concentrated in certain areas. During the late 19th and early 20th centuries, a small wave of contract miners from Wales arrived in Northern France; the centres of Welsh-French population are in coal mining towns of the French department of Pas-de-Calais.[citation needed] Welsh settlers from Wales (and later Patagonian Welsh) arrived in Newfoundland in the early 1900s, and founded towns Labrador‘s coast region.[citation needed] In 1852 Thomas Benbow Phillips of Tregaron established a settlement of about 100 Welsh people in the state of Rio Grande do Sul in Brazil.

Internationally Welsh people have emigrated, in relatively small numbers (in proportion to population, Irish emigration to the USA may have been 26 times greater than Welsh emigration),[79] to many countries, including the USA (in particular, Pennsylvania), Canada and Y Wladfa in Patagonia, Argentina.[80][81][82] Jackson County, Ohio was sometimes referred to as “Little Wales”, and the Welsh language was commonly heard or spoken among locals by the mid 20th century.[citation needed] Malad City in Idaho, which began as a Welsh Mormon settlement, lays claim to a greater proportion of inhabitants of Welsh descent than anywhere outside Wales itself.[83] Malad’s local High School is known as the “Malad Dragons”, and flies the Welsh Flag as its school colours.[84] Welsh people have also settled in New Zealand and Australia.[79][85]

Around 1.75 million Americans report themselves to have Welsh ancestry, as did 458,705 Canadians in Canada’s 2011 census.[5][7] This compares with 2.9 million people living in Wales (as of the 2001 census).[86]

There is no known evidence which would objectively support the legend that the Mandan, a Native American tribe of the central United States, are Welsh emigrants who reached North America under Prince Madog in 1170.[87]

The Ukrainian city of Donetsk was founded in 1869 by a Welsh businessman, John Hughes (an engineer from Merthyr Tydfil) who constructed a steel plant and several coal mines in the region; the town was thus named Yuzovka (??????) in recognition of his role in its founding (“Yuz” being a Russian or Ukrainian approximation of Hughes).[88]

Former Australian Prime Minister Julia Gillard was born in Barry, Wales. After she suffered from bronchopneumonia as a child, her parents were advised that it would aid her recovery to live in a warmer climate. This led the family to migrate to Australia in 1966, settling in Adelaide.

For more information please visit the following link:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Welsh_language

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Trip To Swansea In My Husband’s Motherland, Wales – Part 5

Photograph by Ing-On Vibulbhan-Watts

An entrance of the Civic Center, Swansea, Wales, UK

“Swansea Civic Centre (Welsh: Canolfan Ddinesig Abertawe) – formerly known as County Hall – is the principal administrative centre of the City and County of Swansea Council. Standing some 800 m southwest of Swansea centre on a seafront site overlooking Swansea Bay, the complex houses – in addition to the council chamber and offices – a public cafe, the city’s central library, an exhibition space, the West Glamorgan Archive Service, and a council contact centre.”
For more information please visit the following link:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Swansea_Civic_Centre

 

An Emblem of the Civic Center, Swansea, Wales, UK

“Swansea Civic Center: The building was opened in July 1982 as County Hall and was the headquarters of the former West Glamorgan County Council. Following local government re-organisation in 1996, its ownership was transferred to the new City and County of Swansea. The building was renamed the Civic Centre on 19 March 2008, and Swansea Central Library was moved in as part of a redevelopment scheme. The library issued nearly 566,000 loans in 2008/09, making it the busiest in Wales and the tenth busiest in the UK.[1] The Civic Centre is served by local bus services.”
For more information please visit the following link:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Swansea_Civic_Centre

 

 Shopping District, Near Swansea Market, Swansea, Wales, UK on Monday, October 9, 2017

“Swansea Plans:
At the sea front, The Tower, Meridian Quay is now Wales’s tallest building at a height of 107 metres (351 ft) with a restaurant on the top (29th) floor. It was under construction adjacent Swansea Marina until 010.[72]”

 

“Swansea Plans:
The city centre is also being brightened up with street art and new walkways, along with the first phase of the David Evans – Castle Street development. New green spaces will be provided in conjunction with the proposed Quadrant Square and Grand Theatre Square. Redevelopment of the Oxford Street car park and Lower Oxford Street arcades are also planned.[71]”

Shopping District, Near Swansea Market, Swansea, Wales, UK on Monday, October 9, 2017

Swansea City Centre is undergoing a £1 billion transformation scheme.[70] A large area of the city is earmarked for redevelopment. A new city-centre retail precinct is planned involving demolition of the dilapidated St. David’s Shopping Centrewhich has three or four traders, about 13% of the retail space in the centre and the Quadrant Shopping Centre. Including relocation of the Tesco Superstore near to the city’s Sainsbury’s store in Parc Tawe, the new retail precinct will be almost four times the size of the Quadrant Centre.”

 

Saint Mary’s Church, Near Swansea Market, Swansea, Wales, UK on Monday, October 9, 2017

“St. Mary’s Church in St. Mary’s Square
In 2001, 158,457 people in the local authority area (71 per cent) stated their religion to be Christian, 44,286 (20 per cent) no religion, 16,800 (7.5 per cent) did not state a religion and 2,167 were Muslim.[64] There are small communities of other religions, each making up a little under 1 per cent of the total population.[64]”
For more information please visit the following link:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Swansea

 

Saint Mary’s Church, Near Swansea Market, Swansea, Wales, UK on Monday, October 9, 2017

“Nightlife
Wind Street in the daytime
Swansea has a range of pubs, bars, clubs, restaurants and a casino.[125] Swansea had two casinos until 30 August 2012 when Aspers closed. The majority of city center bars are situated on Wind Street, with various chains represented including Revolution, Varsity, Yates’s and Walkabout. Some venues feature live music.[126] The Mumbles Mile, described by the BBC as “one of Wales’s best-known pub crawls” has declined in recent years with a number of local pubs being converted into flats or restaurants.[127]”
For more information please visit the following link:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Swansea

 

Saint Mary’s Church, Near Swansea Market, Swansea, Wales, UK on Monday, October 9, 2017

“Activities
Swansea has a range of activities including sailing, water skiing, surfing, and other watersports,[116] walking[117] and cycling.[118] Part of the Celtic Trail and the National Cycle Network, Swansea Bay provides a range of traffic-free cycle routes including along the seafront and through Clyne Valley Country Park.[119] The Cycling TouringClub CTC has a local group in the area.[120] Swansea Bay, Mumbles and Gower have a selection of golf courses.[121]
Prior to closure in 2003, Swansea Leisure Centre was one of the top ten visitor attractions in the UK; it has been redeveloped as an indoor waterpark, rebranded the ‘LC’,[122] and was officially opened by Queen Elizabeth II on 7 March 2008.[123] The Wales National Pool is in Swansea.[124]”
For more information please visit the following link:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Swansea

 

 The Sea-Gull was comfortable standing on the head of the statue of Sir H Hussey Vivian Bart: M.P., First Baron Swansea of Singleton, Swansea, Wales, Near Swansea Market, Swansea, Wales, UK on Monday, October 9, 2017

“Leisure and tourism
The LC leisure centre
A number of beaches around Swansea Bay are promoted to visitors.[104] Surfing is possible at Langland Bay, Caswell Bay and Llangennith, with the latter winning accolades from two national newspapers for the quality of its waves.[105] The five-mile promenade from the Marina to Mumbles offers views across Swansea Bay.[106] The seaside village of Mumbles has a Victorianpier, small, independent shops and boutiques, restaurants and cafes.[107] The south coast of Gower is the chief magnet for walkers, with a path stretching from Mumbles Head across the cliff tops, beaches and coastal woodland to Rhossili.[108]”
For more information please visit the following link:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Swansea

 

The dedication written about Sir H Hussey Vivian Bart: M.P., First Baron Swansea of Singleton, Swansea, Wales, Near Swansea Market, Swansea, Wales, UK on Monday, October 9, 2017

“Attractions
The Meridian tower, Swansea. The tallest building in Wales.
On the Waterfront, Swansea has a five-mile (8 km) sweep of coastline[109] which features a beach, promenade, children’s lido, leisure pool, marina and maritime quarter featuring the museums the National Waterfront Museum and Swansea Museum, the oldest museum in Wales.[110] Also situated in the maritime quarter is the Dylan Thomas Centre, which celebrates the life and work of the author with its permanent exhibition ‘Dylan Thomas – Man and Myth’,[111] and Mission Gallery, a unique art galleryalso in the heart of the Maritime Quarter which hosts a range of exhibitions from various art disciplines; it also host a craft space, with ranging works from local and international artists.[112] The Dylan Thomas Centre is the focal point for the annual Dylan Thomas Festival (27 October – 9 November). There is a permanent exhibition at the Dylan Thomas Birthplace and Home for 23 years in Uplands which has been restored to its condition as a new house when bought by the Thomas family in 1914 a few months before Dylan was born in the front bedroom. The SA1 Waterfront area is the latest development for living, dining and leisure.[113]
Swansea Bay, Mumbles and Gower are home to various parks and gardens and almost 20 nature reserves.[114] Clyne Gardens is home to a collection of plants set in parkland and host to ‘Clyne in Bloom’ in May. Singleton Park has acres of parkland, a botanical garden, a boating lake with pedal boats, and crazy golf. Plantasia is a tropical hothouse pyramid featuring three climatic zones, housing a variety of unusual plants, including several species which are extinct in the wild, and monkeys, reptiles, fish and a butterfly house. Other parks include Cwmdonkin Park, where Dylan Thomas played as a child, and Victoria Park which is close to the promenade on the seafront.[115]”
For more information please visit the following link:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Swansea

 

The Sea-Gull was comfortable standing on the head of the statue of Sir H Hussey Vivian Bart: M.P., First
Baron Swansea of Singleton, Swansea, Wales, Near Swansea Market, Swansea, Wales, UK on Monday, October 9, 2017

I wish I were a bird
Perching over human statue head
Above the sky
Flying freely
Seeing all sorts of activities
People are working hard
Others relaxing
Some look for mischiefs
I see them all

poor me just walking on the ground
Seeing only in front of my face
As far as eyes can see
If I am a bird
I would take flight
Around the world

Ing-On Vibulbhan-Watts, Saturday, November 4, 2017, 5 pm

 

The Sea-Gull was comfortable standing on the head of the statue of Sir H Hussey Vivian Bart: M.P., First
Baron Swansea of Singleton, Swansea, Wales, Near Swansea Market, Swansea, Wales, UK on Monday, October 9, 2017

“Economy of Swansea
Swansea originally developed as centre for metals and mining, especially the copper industry, from the beginning of the 18th century. The industry reached its apogee in the 1880s, when 60% of the copper ores imported to Britain were smelted in the Lower Swansea valley.[73] However, by the end of the Second World War these heavy industries were in decline, and over the post-war decades Swansea shared in the general trend towards a post-industrial, service sector economy.[citation needed]
Of the 105,900 people estimated to work within the City and County of Swansea, over 90% are employed in the service sectors, with relatively high shares (compared to the Welsh and UK averages) in public administration, education & health and banking, finance & insurance,[74] and correspondingly high proportions of employment in occupations associated with the service sector, including professional, administrative/secretarial and sales/customer service occupations. The local authority believes this pattern reflects Swansea’s role as a service centre for South West Wales.[74]
Economic activity and employment rates in Swansea were slightly above the Welsh average in October 2008, but lower than the UK average.[74] In 2005, GVA per head in Swansea was £14,302 – nearly 4% above the Welsh average but 20% below the UK average.[74] Median full-time earnings in Swansea were £21,577 in 2007, almost identical to the Welsh average.[74]
Swansea is home to the DVLA headquarters in Morriston, which employs around 6,000 people in the city. Other major employers in the city are Admiral Group, HSBC, Virgin Media, Abertawe Bro Morgannwg University Health Board, BT and Amazon.co.uk. Virgin Atlantic also maintains its largest worldwide contact centre in Swansea; including reservations, sales, baggage claims, and customer relations.”
For more information please visit the following link:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Swansea

 

 “More Poetry is needed”, A Poster Near Swansea Market, Swansea, Wales, UK on Monday, October 9, 2017

‘Park and Ride[edit]
Park and Ride services are operated from car parks at Landore and Fabian Way.[92] During busy periods of the year, additional Park and Ride services are operated from the Brynmill recreation ground. Subsidised services to Fforestfach were cut in 2015 due to local authority financial constraints.[93]”
For more information please visit the following link:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Swansea

 

I was lucky to be able to snap the Sea-gull flying over my head, Near Swansea Market, Swansea, Wales, UK on Monday, October 9, 2017
Photograph by Ing-On Vibulbhan-Watts
“Coaches
Swansea is served by the following direct coach services:
National Express Coaches operate eastbound to Heathrow Airport, Gatwick Airport, London, Birmingham, Cardiff and Bristol, and westbound to Llanelli, Carmarthen and Haverfordwest.
Megabus operate eastbound to Cardiff, Newport, Bristol, London, Birmingham, Manchester, Leeds and York, and westbound to Pembrey, Carmarthen, Pembroke Dock, Lampeter, Aberaeron and Aberystwyth.
TrawsCymru operate services to Brecon, Carmarthen, Lampeter, Aberaeron and Aberystwyth”
For more information please visit the following link:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Swansea

 

The Sea-Gull was comfortable standing on the head of the statue of Sir H Hussey Vivian Bart: M.P., First Baron Swansea of Singleton, Swansea, Wales, Near Swansea Market, Swansea, Wales, UK on Monday, October 9, 2017

“Cycles
There are four dedicated cycle routes in the local authority’s area:
Swansea Bay: The Maritime Quarter to the Knab Rock near the Mumbles Pier.
Clyne Valley Country Park: Blackpill to Gowerton forming part of National Cycle Network, Route 4.
Along the east bank of the River Tawe forming the start of National Cycle Network, Route 43, which terminates at Abercraf. Sustrans advise that it will continue northwards to Builth Wells once complete.[94]
Adjacent to the Fabian Way: Forming part of National Cycle Network, Route 4 and extending as the Celtic Trail to Chepstow and (eventually) London.
City cruiser pedal vehicles are being introduced to the city centre in a joint venture between the council and Swansea Business Improvement District.[95][96]
In November 2007 a new bridge was completed over the Fabian Way which provides a one way park and ride bus lane and a shared-use pedestrian and NCN route 4 cycle way. The leaf-shaped bridge was shortlisted for the 2008 Structural Steel Design Awards.[97]”
For more information please visit the following link:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Swansea

 


“Rail
Swansea railway station is located 10 minutes from Swansea bus station by foot. Services calling at Swansea operate to Llanelli, Carmarthen, Milford Haven and Haverfordwest to the west, Shrewsbury to the north, and Cardiff Central (for connections to England and beyond), Newport and London Paddington to the east. There are also suburban stations in Gowerton, Llansamlet and in Pontarddulais which are served by Arriva Trains Wales.”
For more information please visit the following link:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Swansea

 

Mosaic Tile Mural, Near Swansea Market, Swansea, Wales, UK on Monday, October 9, 2017

Local media
The local newspaper is the Swansea edition of the South Wales Evening Post. The Swansea Herald of Wales was a free newspaper which was distributed every week to residential addresses until 2011 when the paper ceased to be in print.[79] The Cardiff edition of the free daily paper Metro is distributed throughout the city. The Council also produces a free monthly newspaper called the Swansea Leader. Swansea Life is a monthly lifestyle magazine published and distributed in Swansea.
Swansea is served by three local radio stations – the CHR-formatted 96.4 The Wave on FM and DAB, its sister station Swansea Sound on 1170MW and DAB and lastly, the Adult Contemporary-orientated Swansea Bay Radio on 102.1FM and DAB. The city also has a community radio station, Radio Tircoed. It is also served by two regional radio stations Heart Wales and Nation Radio.
The patients and staff at Singleton Hospital can listen to the hospital radio station, Radio City 1386AM and Swansea University also runs its own radio station, Xtreme Radio, on 1431 AM. Providing the DAB service, the local multiplex called Swansea SW Wales is broadcast from Kilvey Hill. This transmitter also provides digital terrestrial television in the Swansea area. As well as Kilvey Hill the city is in the catchment areas of the Wenvoe transmitter (in the Vale of Glamorgan) and the Carmel transmitter in Carmarthenshire.
Since 1924, the BBC has maintained a studio in the city;[14] Dylan Thomas worked here in the interwar years, when the studio was used for the BBC Regional Programme.[80] Currently it has facilities to broadcast live radio and television and is listed as a BBC regional studio.[81]
In mid-2008, the BBC included Swansea in its “Big Screen” project, and a large live permanent television screen has been sited in Castle Square.[82]
Independent filmmakers Undercurrents and Studio8 are based in Swansea, and the city plays host to the BeyondTV Film Festival. BeyondTV is annual event organised by Undercurrents to showcase the best of activism filmmakers. Swansea has also hosted the annual Swansea Bay Film Festival, where past-winning directors have included Gareth Evans, Anthony James, Alun D Pughe and Andrew Jones.
For more information please visit the following link:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Swansea

 

Representation in the media

Swansea has been used as a location for films such as Only Two Can Play,[83] Submarine and Twin Town, the TV series Mine All Mine and in episodes of Doctor Who.[84]
Swansea was the first city in Wales to feature in its own version of the board game Monopoly. The Swansea edition of Monopoly features 33 local landmarks, including the Mumbles Pier and the National Waterfront Museum; the game has been produced in both English and Welsh.[85]
Swansea was also featured in a television documentary titled Swansea Love Story as part of the Rule Britannia series on VBS.tv. The film is of a rather graphic nature and features heroin users as well as community members affected by the narcotic while trying to provide some explanation for the increase in use.[86] Swansea was featured in several Yes Minister series as an undesirable civil service posting, in particular the vehicle licensing centre.
Swansea is also the hometown of Edward Kenway, the main protagonist of Assassin’s Creed IV: Black Flag. This is because Matt Ryan, the voice actor of Edward, is from Swansea.[87]
For more information please visit the following link:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Swansea

Mosaic Tile Mural, Near Swansea Market, Swansea, Wales, UK on Monday, October 9, 2017
Photograph by Ing-On Vibulbhan-Watts
Public services
Swansea is policed by the South Wales Police. The regional headquarters for the Swansea area is Swansea Central Police Station.
Ambulance services are provided by the Welsh Ambulance Service, and fire services by the Mid and West Wales Fire and Rescue Service. Swansea Airport is one of the country’s three Wales Air Ambulance bases, the others being Welshpool and Caernarfon.[88]
Local public healthcare services are operated by Abertawe Bro Morgannwg University Health Board, who operate two hospitals in Swansea, Singleton Hospital and Morriston Hospital; the latter provides Accident and Emergency services. Singleton Hospital has one of Wales’s three radiotherapy departments.
Waste management services are coordinated by the local council, which deals with refuse collection and recycling and operates five civic amenity sites.
The electricity distribution network operator supplying Swansea is Western Power Distribution.
Welsh Water provides drinking water supply and wastewater services to Swansea. There is a water treatment works at Crymlyn Burrows. Reservoirs which supply Swansea include the Cray reservoir and the Lliw Reservoirs, which are operated by Welsh Water.
The Local Gas Distribution company is Wales and West Utilities.
For more information please visit the following link:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Swansea

 

Public order
There was a high rate of car crime during the 1990s. In 2002, the BBC described Swansea as a “black spot for car crime”.[89] Car crime is a central theme in the film Twin Town, which was set in and around Swansea and Port Talbot.
The football violence that Swansea experienced during the 1970s–1990s has considerably reduced, the only major clashes occurring between Swansea City supporters and Cardiff City supporters. Many matches between these sides have ended in violence in both Swansea and Cardiff. These two clubs have a long history of intense rivalry,[90] being described in the media as tribal.
For more information please visit the following link:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Swansea

 

Building near Swansea Market, Swansea, Wales, UK

“Swansea: Education
Further and higher education
Swansea University has a campus in Singleton Park overlooking Swansea Bay. Its engineering department is recognised as a centre of excellence with pioneering work on computational techniques for solving engineering design problems.[75] The Department of Physics is renowned for its research achievements at the frontiers of Theoretical Physics, particularly in the areas of Elementary Particle Physics and String Theory. And many other departments such as History, Computer Science and German were awarded an “Excellent” in the last inspection. The university was awarded The Times Higher Education Supplement Award for the UK’s “best student experience” in 2005.[76] In 2017, Swansea University Medical School was ranked as the third best medical school in the United Kingdom, behind Oxford and Cambridge universities.[77]
In 2015 Swansea University opened a new Bay Campus situated in the Jersey Marine area of Swansea.
Other establishments for further and higher education in the city include University Of Wales Trinity Saint David and Gower College Swansea. Trinity Saint David was formed on 18 November 2010 through the merger of University of Wales Lampeter and Trinity University college Carmarthen under Lampeters royal charter of 1828. On 1 August 2013, Swansea Metropolitan University became part of University Of Wales Trinity Saint David (UWTSD). Swansea Metropolitan University is particularly well known for its Architectural Glass department, as well as its Teaching and Transport & Logistics degrees.[citation needed]”
For more information please visit the following link:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Swansea

 

Mural near Swansea Market, Swansea, Wales, UK

“Swansea: Schools
See also: List of schools in Swansea
In the local authority area, there is one nursery school; six infant schools and five junior schools. There are 77 primary schools, nine of which are Welsh-Medium, and six of which are voluntary aided. There are 15 comprehensive schools under the remit of the local education authority, of which two are Welsh-medium. In addition, there are six special schools.[78]
The oldest school in Swansea is Bishop Gore School. The largest comprehensive school in Swansea is Olchfa School. There is one Roman Catholic comprehensive school in the city – Bishop Vaughan Catholic Comprehensive School. The Welsh medium schools are Ysgol Gyfun Gymraeg G?yr and Ysgol Gyfun Gymraeg Bryn Tawe. Other schools in Swansea include Birchgrove Comprehensive School, Cefn Hengoed Community School, Dylan Thomas School, Pentrehafod Comprehensive School, Morriston Comprehensive School and Gowerton School.
Some primary schools in Swansea are:
Cwm Glas Primary School
Danygraig Primary School
Pennard Primary School
Pentre’r Graig Primary School
Sketty Primary School
St. Thomas Primary School
Waun Wen Primary School
Ysgol Gynradd Gymraeg Gellionnen
Ysgol Gynradd Gymraeg Tirdeinaw
There are also a few Roman Catholic primary schools, one of them being St. Joseph’s Primary School.
Independent schools in Swansea include Ffynone House School and Oakleigh House School.”
For more information please visit the following link:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Swansea

 

Swansea Marina, Swansea, Wales, UK on Monday, October 9, 2017
Photograph by Ing-On Vibulbhan-Watts

“Swansea Marina offers visitor berths for as little as a day, to as long as a month. Seasonal berths are also available, with 3, 4, 5 and 6-month contract terms.
Swansea Marina is situated in the award winning Maritime Quarter area of Swansea City. We are bordered on one side by the sandy beach of Swansea Bay. The vibrant city centre, with all of the amenities you could ever need, is only a short walk away.”

For more information please visit the following link:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Swansea_Marina

 

Swansea Marina, Swansea, Wales, UK on Monday, October 9, 2017

Transport links are excellent, we are situated about 10 minutes drive from J42 of the M4. The bus and train stations are both within easy walking distance.

If you need any further information, please give our knowledgeable and helpful staff a call. No matter how long you wish to stay, we look forward to welcoming you to Swansea soon!
For more information please visit the following link:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Swansea_Marina

 

Swansea Marina, Swansea, Wales, UK on Monday, October 9, 2017

Boating organisations based at Swansea Marina include Swansea Yacht and Sub Aqua club and the Maiden Voyage, which owns a 72 ft ocean racing yacht.[2]
For more information please visit the following link:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Swansea_Marina

 

 The Buildings Around the Swansea Marina, Swansea, Wales, UK on Monday, October 9, 2017

For more information please visit the following link:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Swansea_MarinaS

 

The Buildings Around the Swansea Marina, Swansea, Wales, UK on Monday, October 9, 2017
Photograph by Ing-On Vibulbhan-Watts

Beautiful Over Grown Garden from our backyard Garden, Downtown Newark, New Jersey, U.S.A. After we came back from our trip to U.K.
Poem and Photograph by Ing-On Vibulbhan-Watts

 Look at that!!!
A very tall plant
Over grown in front of
My husband’s tall black sculpture
It’s producing a large beautiful
Deep red purple bouquet of flowers
Standing against a man-made object

As if to say
Look at me!!!
I am all natural
I will show you my beauty
For the world to see

Oh! My over grown garden
There is some beauty of nature left
To please my eyes

I appreciate you my beautiful plants
You give me much pleasure
When I come back to visit my little garden
With lovely flowers and fresh air

Ing-On Vibulbhan-Watts, Tuesday, October 24, 2017, 3:19 am

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Trip To Swansea In My Husband’s Motherland, Wales – Part 2

Swansea Shore on Monday, October 9, 2017
Poem and Photograph by Ing-On Vibulbhan-Watts

Swansea Shore!

A poor little bird
Standing on the edge
Watching the sea roll by

My poor sick husband
Trying to compose himself
Breathing in the fresh air

Oh, Swansea Shore!
I came here before
Seeing the waves
Rolling and hugging you
In and out with the rhythm of the tides

Oh, Swansea Shore!
I will come here again
In the sunset of my life
And you will still be here
For the long centuries to come

My little Grandson Kai
Holding his hands with his parents
Walking along the shore
Another younger generations will come

Admiring you with the sunset or the sunrise
The full moon appearing in the sky
You will give pleasure for all to see,

Oh, Swansea Shore!
I love you!

Ing-On Vibulbhan-Watts, Wednesday, October 11, 2017, 4:17 am

The scene by the kitchen bay widow at John’s sister house in Swansea, Wales
This scene is what Mom and John’s sister saw when they were sitting in the armchair and relaxing by the kitchen bay widow at John’s sister house in Swansea, Wales. I miss both of them. I wish they were here with us. Life is too short to fight and be unhappy with each other. We will be apart from each other one of these days, sooner or later. Please get along and be happy with each other.
Ing-On Vibulbhan-Watts, Monday, October 15, 2017, Swansea, Wales

Solar panels at the back of John’s sister house in Swansea, Wales
In Swansea, Wales I saw some solar panels on people’s houses even though the weather is more cloudy and lightly raining a lot of the time. I was in Thailand for about two months in July and August where most of the time there is very strong sunshine and occasionally heavy rain for one hour or more but I saw no solar panels. They may have them somewhere that I did not see. I hope the Thai government helps to promote solar energy consumption.

 Comments:

munir faraj: We in Iraq have more than 300 sunny day and more than 12 hour/day but the goverment has no project to use this clean energy ???

Ing-On Vibulbhan-Watts: +munir faraj Thank you for your interest. Maybe you can speak about it peacefully and well intention. Iraq university might be a good place to talk to the science professors.
Have a wonderful Sunday and the week to come

 

Swansea Shore on Monday, October 9, 2017
“Swansea Bay: Harnessing the power of our tides

• Did you know… the UK has the second highest tidal range in the world and the difference in the range at Swansea Bay is a massive 7-9 metres!

• Dave Sagan, Project Manager

• An iconic, world-first infrastructure project in South West Wales
• Swansea Bay Tidal Lagoon will be the world’s first tidal lagoon power plant.
• A tidal lagoon is a ‘U’ shaped breakwater, built out from the coast which has a bank of hydro turbines in it. Water fills up and empties the man-made lagoon as the tides rise and fall. We generate electricity on both the incoming and outgoing tides, four times a day, every day.
• Due to the incredible tides on the West Coast of Britain, by keeping the turbine gates shut for just three hours, there is already a 14ft height difference in water between the inside and the outside of the lagoon. Power is then generated as the water rushes through 200ft long draft tubes, rotating the 23ft diameter hydro turbines.
• The project was awarded a Development Consent Order in 2015 and is primed for construction. It will comprise 16 hydro turbines, a six mile breakwater wall, generating electricity for 155,000 homes for the next 120 years. Its major delivery partners include Atkins, General Electric, Andritz Hydro, Laing O’Rourke and Alun Griffiths Ltd.”
For more information please visit the following link:
https://www.tidallagoonpower.com/projects/swansea-bay/

Swansea Sky viewed at the backyard of John’s sister house, October 6, 2017
I am always longing for the Swansea Sky. It changes so fast from one color to the other or dark to light. My favorite sky is light pink to red orange which appears in the evening when the sun sets showing her appearance before leaving us to the night sky. This takes place around 6-7 pm. I was lucky to see it again on Friday, October 6, 2017. I viewed this beautiful red orange sky at the backyard of John’s sister house.
Ing-On Vibulbhan-Watts, Sunday, October 8, 2017

The view at the backyard of John’s sister house, October 6, 2017

Swansea Bay on Thursday, October 5, 2017
Photograph by Ing-On Vibulbhan-Watts

On Thursday, October 5, 2017 about 4-5 pm in the evening, I walked along the seashore to the house. Swansea Library is located by the Swansea shore, and John’s sister house is about 10 minutes’ walk. I was very lucky to see the silver shimmering water on the shore by the evening sun, which was hovering over with the bright white rays shining on the water.
It was very difficult to see the camera screen, with the bright light shining on my camcorder. I only hope that I would get some nice shots.
Ing-On Vibulbhan-Watts, Sunday, October 8, 2017

“Swansea Bay (Welsh: Bae Abertawe) is a bay on the Bristol Channel on the southern coast of Wales. Places on the bay include Swansea and Port Talbot. The River Neath, River Tawe, River Afan, River Kenfig and Clyne River flow into the bay.
Swansea Bay (and upper reaches of the Bristol Channel) experience a large tidal range. The shipping ports in Swansea Bay are Swansea Docks, Port Talbot Docks and Briton Ferry wharfs.
Oyster fishing was once an important industry in Swansea Bay, employing 600 people at its height in the 1860s. However, overfishing, disease and pollution had all but wiped out the oyster population by 1920. In 2005 plans were announced to reintroduce the Oyster farming industry.[1]”
Beaches[edit]
The bay is lined with sandy beaches. Each stretch of beach within the bay has its own individual name:
• Aberavon Beach
• Baglan Bay
• Jersey Marine Beach
• Swansea Beach
• Mumbles Beach

For more information please visit the following link:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Swansea_Bay

Swansea Bay on Thursday, October 5, 2017
Swansea Bay, Pollution: For the last two decades of the 20th century, the bay was blighted by pollution, partly from the surrounding heavy industry and partly from sewerage outlets being sited at inappropriate locations including the main one that was located just seaward of Mumbles Lighthouse. A pumping station inside the cliff adjacent to Knab Rock brought all of Swansea city’s effluent in a raw form to this point. Adding to the problem was the natural current flow of the waters in the Bay which often did not move the polluted waters further out to sea. Ironically, the outgoing tide did not carry the raw sewage down the adjacent Bristol Channel, but instead cause it to be sucked inaround the circumference of the Bay and only then out down the Channel. If not fully discharged on that tide, the incoming tide would then push the same effluent up the Channel, and once again circulate around the Bay. Efforts were made by the local authority to reduce the pollution in the Bay but care had to be taken to ensure the pollution did not move to the popular beach resorts in south Gower instead.
This original sewer outlet was finally made inactive in around 1996 following the construction of a brand new pipeline which ran all the way back around the Bay following the line of the old Mumbles Railway as far as Beach Street, along the sea-side of the Maritime Quarter and through Swansea Docks to a new £90 million sewage treatment plant at Crymlyn Burrows near Port Tennant from which a new outlet was made, extending further out to sea. As a consequence of the huge improvement these works have made, it is hoped that Swansea Bay will achieve Blue Flag Beach status. Aberavon beach was awarded Blue Flag status in December 2007.[2]”
For more information please visit the following link:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Swansea_Bay

Swansea Bay on Thursday, October 5, 2017
“Swansea Bay, Power generation, Fossil: There is one existing GE built gas-fired power station located just inland at Baglan Bay. A second gas fired power station, the “Abernedd Power Station” has been approved for construction.[3]
Biomass plans[edit]
A new biomass power station has been approved for construction near the coast at Port Talbot.[4]
Tidal plans[edit]
Main article: Tidal Lagoon Swansea Bay
Swansea Bay (along with the rest of the Bristol Channel) has one of the highest tidal ranges in the world. This offers a potential for electricity generation using tidal lagoons. A proposal has been put forward by Tidal Lagoon Swansea Bay Ltd. for a tidal lagoon to be constructed.[5] The tidal lagoon would be sited just south of the Queen’s Dock between River Tawe and River Neath estuaries. This project is controversial, partly due to the amount of subsidy required to make the project viable and also because of the potential damage to an AONB and MCZ in Cornwall where Tidal Lagoon Swansea Bay seek to re-open a disused quarry at Dean Point from which to source the rock for the lagoon.[6][7][8]”
For more information please visit the following link:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Swansea_Bay

Swansea Bay on Thursday, October 9, 2017
Photograph by Ing-On Vibulbhan-Watts
“Swansea Bay: Wind plans
In addition to tidal power, construction of an offshore windfarm in the Bay has been approved,[9] but construction has now been deferred owing to the costs involved. The windfarm was to have been sited at Scarweather Sands, about 5 km (3 mi) off the coast and visible from Porthcawl.”
For more information please visit the following link:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Swansea_Bay

Swansea Bay and the Full Moon, Tuesday, October 3, 2017
Ing’s Poem on the Killing in Las Vegas, USA
Photograph by Ing-On Vibulbhan-Watts

 A delicate full moon
Appear in the grey Swansea Bay Sky
To say
“Hello World!”
“How are you?”
Sad news from America
They love their guns more than their lives
I will keep watching you
I hope one day
All of you will look at me
With happiness in a peaceful world

My sadness goes out to all the people who perished and who were wounded.

“Wake up America!!!!!!!”

The British Countryside
My husband’s beloved country, Wales, United Kingdom
Ing & John Travel to Swansea, Wales, United Kingdom

Fortunately, we had our computers, so John was working on rewriting his play. I was checking on the photographs that I took from Newark to Swansea. I selected them for posting on Google+ and my website after I was able to connect to the internet. But meanwhile John went to the Swansea Library computer section to get information on “Renewable energy in the United Kingdom” a few days ago before he got sick. I enjoyed reading the history of old and new technology development in Britain. I thought we should learn from British science technology. A lot of important scientists came from this country. So many Scientists all over the world have contributed to the benefit of mankind. We should share the knowledge with each other to develop a better world rather than create wars fighting among countries or fighting in your own country among each other. Can you imagine what our world would be like? We could instead concentrate on fighting a common enemy, the little germs that cause our sickness.
On Thursday and Friday, the weather turned nice with sunshine. We both went to the backyard baking in the sun for a little while.
Ing-On Vibulbhan-Watts, Saturday, October 7, 2017
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Renewable_energy_in_the_United_Kingdom

The British Countryside

Unfortunately, starting from the first day, September 26, when we arrived in our Swansea house, I got sick with a very bad cold. On Friday, September 29 John took me to Singleton Hospital. We waited for a while for an available Doctor to attend to me. She checked my ears, lungs and throat and said no chest congestion. She wrote a prescription for me. John went to the receptionist asking for the hospital charge. The receptionist said “No charge.” This will never happen in USA. I am very thankful to the British system and how they care for their people. Before John’s mother and sister passed away they had a lot of care, the nurses come to their house to care for them. Both of them had to be taken care of hospital for an extended period. All the care they had with zero charge.
Ing-On Vibulbhan-Watts, Sunday, October 6, 2017

 

The British Countryside

John had to work hard, shopping for food and taking care of me, in return I gave him my cold. John had a symptom of cold on Saturday, September 30, and getting worse on Sunday. Looking outside by the kitchen bay window, the sky was cloudy with drizzly rain, and was damp and cold. The weather had been like this most of this first week we were here. We could not go anywhere anyway, so it was a good time to be sick and have a warm cup of tea in the comfort of bed at home.
 
Ing-On Vibulbhan-Watts, Sunday, October 6, 2017

The British Countryside

Fortunately, we had our computers, so John was working on rewriting his play. I was checking on the photographs that I took from Newark to Swansea. I selected them for posting on Google+ and my website after I was able to connect to the internet. But meanwhile John went to the Swansea Library computer section to get information on “Renewable energy in the United Kingdom
On Thursday and Friday, the weather turned nice with sunshine. We both went to the backyard baking in the sun for a little while.
Ing-On Vibulbhan-Watts, Saturday, October 7, 2017
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Renewable_energy_in_the_United_Kingdom

 

The British Countryside
My husband’s beloved country, Wales, United Kingdom

I love the British neat and clean countryside. Nice tall trees and shrubs along the way of the bus ride to Swansea. I spotted some large area of farmland filled with solar panels. When I saw them a second time I asked John, “What are they?” He said it is a “Solar Farm”. When I saw them again I could not get the photograph because the bus went passed too quickly. I am very interested in new technologies. I appreciate that our Google+ community has a lot of technology information including Street Art, scenery and other things.
Ing-On Vibulbhan-Watts, Sunday, October 6, 2017

Ocean power

Due to the island location of the UK, the country has great potential for generating electricity from wave power and tidal power.
To date, wave and tidal power have received very little money for development and consequently have not yet been exploited on a significant commercial basis due to doubts over their economic viability in the UK.[33] The European Marine Energy Centre in Orkney operates a grid connected wave power scheme at Billia Croo outside Stromness and a grid connected tidal test side in a narrow channel between the Westray Firth and Stronsay Firth.[34]
Funding for the UK’s first wave farm was announced by then Scottish Executive in February 2007. It will be the world’s largest, with a capacity of 3 MW generated by four Pelamis machines and a cost of over 4 million pounds.[35] In the south of Scotland,investigations have taken place into a Tidal Power scheme involving the construction of a Solway Barage, possibly located south of Annan.
A Wave farm project to harness Wave power, using the PB150 PowerBuoy has been completed by Ocean Power Technologiesin Scotland and is under development off Cornwall at Wave Hub.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Renewable_energy_in_the_United_Kingdom

 

The British Countryside

From the mid-1990s renewable energy began to contribute to the electricity generated in the United Kingdom, adding to a small hydroelectricity generating capacity. The total of all renewable electricity sources provided for 14.9% of the electricity generated in the United Kingdom in 2013,[3] reaching 53.7 TWh of electricity generated. In the second quarter of 2015, renewable electricity generation exceeded 25% and coal generation for the first time.[4]
Renewable energy contributions to meeting the UK’s 15% target reduction in total energy consumption by 2020, in accordance with the 2009 EU Renewable Directive, totalled 5.2% in 2013 as measured in accordance with the methodology set out in the Directive.[3] By 2016 provisional calculations show that the figure had risen again to 8.3 per cent of energy consumption (all sources) coming from renewable sources in 2015.[5]
Interest in renewable energy in the UK has increased in recent years due to new UK and EU targets for reductions in carbon emissions and the promotion of renewable electricity power generation through commercial incentives such as the Renewable Obligation Certificate scheme (ROCs) and Feed in tariffs (FITs) and the promotion of renewable heat through the Renewable Heat Incentive. Historically hydroelectric schemes were the largest producers of renewable electricity in the UK, but these have now been surpassed by wind power schemes, for which the UK has large potential resources.
For more information please visit the following link:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Renewable_energy_in_the_United_Kingdom

Swansea Castle on Thursday, October 9, 2017
Photograph by Ing-On Vibulbhan-Watts
“Swansea Castle (Welsh: Castell Abertawe) is located in the city centre of Swansea, Wales, UK. It was founded by Henry de Beaumont in 1107[1] as the caput of the lordship of Gower. The castle is now ruined and only two blocks remain, though the site has been improved in the 2010s for use as a public space.”
For more information please visit the following link:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Swansea_Castle

 

Swansea Castle
Henry de Beaumont was granted the Lordship of Gower in 1106 and he began to solidify the control of the Normans in the area.[4] A timber castle existed in Swansea in 1116, when it was recorded as being attacked by Welsh forces who destroyed the outer defences.[4]
The original castle seems to have been a sub-rectangular/oval enclosure overlooking the River Tawe on the east, surrounded on the north, west and south sides by a larger sub-rectangular outer bailey. The inner bailey probably contained a motte but the other view is that it was a ring work.[5] The motte (or ring work) was 52 metres (171 ft) in diameter (only second in size to Cardiff Castle) and survived to the early 20th century.

The castle was besieged in 1192 by Rhys ap Gruffydd, Prince of Deheubarth. Despite 10 weeks of starvation the castle was saved.[4]
After various other unsuccessful attacks the castle fell in 1217 but was restored to the English in 1220 as part of the settlement between Llywelyn ap Iorwerth and Henry III of England.

Swansea Castle
The castle was rebuilt in stone, probably between 1221 and 1284 (described now as the “New Castle”),[3] firstly the inner castle with at least one tower, finally the large outer bailey.
The only visible remains today, two sides of the rectangular South East corner of the “new castle”‘s outer bailey, were built in the late 13th or early 14th century. The south face (which ends in a tall garderobe tower) is capped with an elegant series of arcades at the wall-head, which are similar to structures at the Bishop of Saint David’s palaces at Lamphey and St David’s.

Swansea Castle
14th to 19th centuries
By the 14th century the castle was losing its military importance. Alina de Mowbray ruled the Gower until 1331 when her son John de Mowbray took over as Lord of Gower.[7] He was probably responsible for adding the arcaded parapet walk to the castle.[7]
Despite the Welsh rebellion led by Owain Glyndwr, which saw a number of English castles attacked in the early years of the 1400s, it is not known whether Swansea fell to these forces. Swansea Castle’s account books only record that two men were sent north to gather intelligence on Glyndwr’s activities.[8]

Swansea Castle
14th to 19th centuries
The castle owners were subsequently absentee landlords. By 1650 the castle was described as “a decayed Buildinge”.[9] By the 1670s the square tower was being used as a bottle factory and, in 1700, a town hall was built in the castle courtyard. By the mid 1700s the Great Hall had become Swansea’s workhouse.[9] The town hall was replaced by a post office in the 1800s and, by 1850, a military Drill Room had replaced the workhouse. The River Tawe, which had flowed near to the castle, was straightened and diverted during the 1840s.[2]

Swansea Castle
20th and 21st centuries
Part of the interior of the castle, in particular the large motte, was demolished 1909-13[10] for the construction of a newspaper office. In the very early 1930s, poet Dylan Thomas worked for the South Wales Daily Post at the castle site.[11] The newspaper offices were removed in 1976[11] and the remains of the castle were later consolidated and opened up to view from the street.
As a Scheduled Ancient Monument, it was given a Grade I heritage listing in 1952.[12]
The castle were fenced off and only opened to the public on rare occasions, most recently for public tours in 2012 to coincide with St Davids Day.[13] In the early 2010s a project was launched, funded by the European Regional Development Fund and Welsh Government, to open up the castle to the public on a more permanent basis with a stone paved courtyard and information panels. Demountable stairs were planned, to access the upper floors. The intention was to have public tours, events such as markets and for the castle to feature as part of a Swansea castle trail.[14]
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Swansea_Castle

 

Swansea Castle
When I saw people climb up the castle wall I thought it was a climbing sport activity. I asked John “Do they climb up the castle wall for sport? John said “They are doing repair work and getting rid of the weeds that growing on top of the castle wall.” It was a lucky moment to see people working on the castle.
Ing-On Vibulbhan-Watts, Thursday, October 12, 2017

The Informational Poster in front of Swansea Castle, Swansea, Wales, UK
Photograph by Ing-On Vibulbhan-Watts
“History: The first castles
Henry de Beaumont was granted the Lordship of Gower in 1106 and he began to solidify the control of the Normans in the area.[4] A timber castle existed in Swansea in 1116, when it was recorded as being attacked by Welsh forces who destroyed the outer defences.[4]
The original castle seems to have been a sub-rectangular/oval enclosure overlooking the River Tawe on the east, surrounded on the north, west and south sides by a larger sub-rectangular outer bailey. The inner bailey probably contained a motte but the other view is that it was a ring work.[5] The motte (or ring work) was 52 metres (171 ft) in diameter (only second in size to Cardiff Castle) and survived to the early 20th century.[6]
The castle was besieged in 1192 by Rhys ap Gruffydd, Prince of Deheubarth. Despite 10 weeks of starvation the castle was saved.[4]
After various other unsuccessful attacks the castle fell in 1217 but was restored to the English in 1220 as part of the settlement between Llywelyn ap Iorwerth and Henry III of England.
The castle was rebuilt in stone, probably between 1221 and 1284 (described now as the “New Castle”),[3] firstly the inner castle with at least one tower, finally the large outer bailey.
The only visible remains today, two sides of the rectangular South East corner of the “new castle”‘s outer bailey, were built in the late 13th or early 14th century. The south face (which ends in a tall garderobe tower) is capped with an elegant series of arcades at the wall-head, which are similar to structures at the Bishop of Saint David’s palaces at Lamphey and St David’s.”
For more information please visit the following link:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Swansea_Castle

 

A group of young people gathering at Swansea Center, Swansea, Wales, UK

“Swansea city centre in Swansea, Wales, contains the main shopping, leisure and nightlife district in Swansea. The city centre covers much of the Castle ward including the area around Oxford Street, Castle Square, and the Quadrant Shopping Centre; Alexandra Road, High Street, Wind Street and the Castle; Parc Tawe; and the Maritime Quarter extending down to the seafront.[1]”
For more information please visit the following link:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Swansea_City_Centre

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Trip To Swansea In My Husband’s Motherland , Wales – Part 1

Ing and John traveled to Swansea, Wales, United Kingdom on September 25 – October 26, 2017.
Artwork at Newark Liberty Airport in the check in area of Air India.
On the Chinese New Year, one can see the festival and celebration from the Dragon Dancing Parade. The Chinese love the dragon symbol in red, which is a favorite color of the Chinese. This artwork reminded me of a Welsh dragon. We had some time left before we went into the gate for boarding. I enjoyed taking photographs of this artwork. We selected Air India because it was the most economical ticket fare and John loves Indian food, me too.

Ing-On Vibulbhan-Watts, Sunday, January 14, 2018

Artwork at Newark Liberty Airport, New Jersey, United States

Photograph by Ing-On Vibulbhan-Watts

 

Ing & John Traveled to Swansea, Wales, United Kingdom on September 25 – October 26, 2017.

We arrived in Newark Liberty Airport, Newark, New Jersey at about 5 p.m. on Monday 25, for checking in which started at 6:30 pm. We saw a scene of nice sunset sky outside area of Air India’s glass windows.

The reflection of the television screen appeared in the sunset sky of the scene looking out of Newark Liberty Airport, Newark in the check in area of Air India.

Beautiful Sunset Sky, the scene looking out of Newark Liberty Airport,  in the check in area of Air India.

John and I were busy packing again. This time we were heading to Swansea, South Wales, the UK. John was born in Swansea, and most of his family lived there for most of their lives. “No Place Like Home”, it is John’s beloved country.

Ing & John Traveled to Swansea, Wales, United Kingdom on September 25 – October 26, 2017.

The route from Newark Liberty Airport, Newark, New Jersey, USA To Heathrow, London, UK
We boarded and the airplane took off at about 10:30 p.m. The flight attendants started to serve the food and drinks, after our bellies were satisfied by Indian food, John enjoyed checking the movies and I enjoyed learning about flight information.
The airplane from Newark passed over Boston, Windsor, Bay Roberts, Montreal and crossed Atlantic Ocean heading to Amsterdam.

At one point, I opened the flight information. It showed that outside air temperature was -540 degrees Centigrade. I thought if any one drops out of the airplane; the body probably be frozen instantly.

“Heathrow Airport originated in 1929 as a small airfield (Great West Aerodrome) on land south-east of the hamlet of Heathrowfrom which the airport takes its name. At that time there were farms, market gardens and orchards there: there was a “Heathrow Farm” about where Terminal 1 is now, a “Heathrow Hall” and a “Heathrow House”. This hamlet was largely along a country lane (Heathrow Road) which ran roughly along the east and south edges of the present central terminals area.
Development of the whole Heathrow area as a very much larger airport began in 1944: it was stated to be for long-distance military aircraft bound for the Far East. But by the time the airfield was nearing completion, World War II had ended. The government continued to develop the airport as a civil airport; it opened as London Airport in 1946 and was renamed Heathrow Airport in 1966. The masterplan[clarification needed] for the airport was designed by Sir Frederick Gibberd, who designed the original terminals and central area buildings, including the original control tower and the multi-faith chapel of St George’s.”

For more information please visit the following link:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heathrow_Airport

This flight information showed that the airplane passed through Waterford and Wexford of Island, crossed the Celtic sea passing over South Wales. John said “We should get off here then we do not have to go to Heathrow, London. Save us time and money to ride the bus for five hours from Heathrow to Swansea. For better or worse, we have to follow the system, it was the flight route. We finally reached to our destination, Heathrow Airport, London. The trip duration was about six hours.

“Heathrow Airport is used by over 80 airlines flying to 185 destinations in 84 countries. The airport is the primary hub of British Airways and is a base for Virgin Atlantic. It has four passenger terminals (numbered 2 to 5) and a cargo terminal. Of Heathrow’s 73.4 million passengers in 2014, 93% were international travellers; the remaining 7% were bound for (or arriving from) places in the UK.[9] The busiest single destination in passenger numbers is New York, with over 3 million passengers flying between Heathrow and JFK Airport in 2013.[10]”

For more information please visit the following link:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heathrow_Airport

“Heathrow is 14 mi (23 km) west of central London,[3] near the south end of the London Borough of Hillingdon on a parcel of land that is designated part of the Metropolitan Green Belt. The airport is surrounded by the built-up areas of Harlington, Harmondsworth, Longford and Cranford to the north and by Hounslow and Hatton to the east. To the south lie Bedfont and Stanwell while to the west Heathrow is separated from Slough in Berkshire by the M25 motorway. Heathrow falls entirely under the TW postcode area.
As the airport is west of London and as its runways run east–west, an airliner’s landing approach is usually directly over the conurbation of London when the wind is from the west.
Along with Gatwick, Stansted, Luton, Southend and London City, Heathrow is one of six airports with scheduled services serving the London area, although only Heathrow and London City are within Greater London.

Heathrow Airport (also known as London Heathrow)[2] (IATA: LHR, ICAO: EGLL) is a major international airport in London, United Kingdom. Heathrow is the second busiest airport in the world by international passenger traffic (surpassed by Dubai International in 2014), as well as the busiest airport in Europe by passenger traffic, and the seventh busiest airport in the world by total passenger traffic. In 2016, it handled a record 75.7 million passengers, a 1.0% increase from 2015.[1]
Heathrow lies 14 miles (23 km) west of Central London,[3] and has two parallel east–west runways along with four operational terminals on a site that covers 12.27 square kilometres (4.74 sq mi). The airport is owned and operated by Heathrow Airport Holdings, which itself is owned by FGP TopCo Limited, an international consortium led by Ferrovialthat also includes Qatar Holding LLC, Caisse de dépôt et placement du Québec, Government of Singapore Investment Corporation, Alinda Capital Partners, China Investment Corporation and Universities Superannuation Scheme (USS).[4] London Heathrow is the primary hub for British Airways and the primary operating base for Virgin Atlantic.
In September 2012, the UK government established the Airports Commission, an independent commission chaired by Sir Howard Davies to examine various options for increasing capacity at UK airports. In July 2015, the commission backed a third runway at Heathrow and the government”

For more information please visit the following link:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heathrow_Airport

We took the elevator to the Bus Terminal where we saw the Welcome Posters. I wonder after the Brexit, if the British will still welcome foreigners.

“Brexit (/?br?ks?t/ or /?br??z?t/) is the popular term for the prospective withdrawal of the United Kingdom (UK) from the European Union (EU).[1]
In a referendum on 23 June 2016, 51.9% of the participating UK electorate voted to leave the EU. On 29 March 2017, the British government invoked Article 50 of the Treaty on the European Union. The UK is thus on course to leave the EU on Friday, 29 March 2019.[2]
Prime Minister Theresa May announced that the UK would not seek permanent membership of the single market or the customs union after leaving the EU[3][4] and promised to repeal the European Communities Act of 1972 and incorporate existing European Union law into UK domestic law.[5] Negotiations with the EU officially started in June 2017.
The UK joined the European Communities in 1973,[6][7] with membership confirmed by a referendum in 1975. In the 1970s and 1980s, withdrawal from the EC was advocated mainly by Labour Party and trade union figures. From the 1990s, the main advocates of withdrawal were the newly founded UK Independence Party (UKIP) and an increasing number of Eurosceptic Conservatives.”

For more information please visit the following link:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brexit

“Brexit Historical background
Main article: History of Britain’s relationship with the European Union
In 1951, the “Inner Six” European countries signed the Treaty of Paris establishing the European Coal and Steel Community (ECSC), followed shortly by the 1957 Treaties of Rome establishing the European Economic Community (EEC) and the European Atomic Energy Community (Euratom). In 1967, these became known as the European Communities (EC). The UK applied to join in 1963 and 1967, but was vetoed by the French President, Charles de Gaulle.[17] After de Gaulle relinquished the French presidency the UK successfully applied for membership and the Conservative prime minister Edward Heath signed the Treaty of Accession in 1972,[18]Parliament passed the European Communities Act later in the year[19] and the UK became a member of the EC on 1 January 1973 with Denmark and Ireland.[20]
The opposition Labour Party contested the October 1974 general election with a commitment to renegotiate Britain’s terms of membership of the EC and then hold a referendum on whether to remain in the EC on the new terms.[21] After Labour won the election the United Kingdom held its first ever national referendum on whether the UK should remain in the European Communities in 1975. Despite significant division within the ruling Labour Party[22] all major political parties and the mainstream press supported continuing membership of the EC. On 5 June 1975, 67.2% of the electorate and all but two[23] UK counties and regions voted to stay in[24] and support for the UK to leave the EC in 1975 appears unrelated to the support for Leave in the 2016 referendum.[25]”

For more information please visit the following link:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brexit

“Brexit: Comparison of results of 1975 and 2016 referendums
The Labour Party campaigned in the 1983 general election on a commitment to withdraw from the EC without a referendum[26] although after a heavy defeat Labour changed its policy.[26] In 1985 the Thatcher government ratified the Single European Act—the first major revision to the Treaty of Rome- without a referendum.
In October 1990, under pressure from senior ministers and despite Margaret Thatcher’s deep reservations, the United Kingdom joined the European Exchange Rate Mechanism (ERM), with the pound sterling pegged to the deutschmark. Thatcher resigned as Prime Minister the following month, amid Conservative Party divisions arising partly from her increasingly Eurosceptic views. The United Kingdom and Italy were forced to withdraw from the ERM in September 1992, after the pound sterling and the lira came under pressure (“Black Wednesday”).[27]
Under the Maastricht Treaty, the European Communities became the European Union on 1 November 1993,[28] reflecting the evolution of the organisation from an economic union into a political union.[29]”

For more information please visit the following link:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brexit

We saw a lot of sparrows at the bus terminal welcoming the food given to them. Hopefully they were also welcoming us.

“Brexit: Consequences of withdrawal for the United Kingdom[edit]
Immigration[edit]
Long term[edit]
Immigration was cited as the second-most important reason for those voting to Leave. However, some forecasts indicate that immigration ?ows to the UK will remain relatively high after Brexit.[141] KPMG – based on a survey of 2,000 EU workers in UK – estimates that about a million of EU citizens working in the UK, see their future in Britain as over or hanging in the balance[142].
Immediate effects[edit]
Official figures in March 2017 indicated that EU immigration to the UK continued to exceed emigration, but the difference between immigration and emigration (“net migration”) had fallen to its lowest for three years.[143] The number of EU nurses registering with the NHS fell from 1,304 in July 2016 to 46 in April 2017.[144]
Economic effects[edit]
Main article: Economic effects of Brexit
During the referendum, the economic arguments were a major area of debate. Most economists, including the UK Treasury, argued that being in the EU has a strong positive effect on trade and as a result the UK’s trade would be worse off if it left the EU.[145][146] Others argued for the benefits of being free of EU “red tape” regulations and from going the full route of complete free trade. Additionally, not contributing to the EU budget would improve the budget and allowing tax cuts or higher government spending.[147]
After the referendum, the Institute for Fiscal Studies published a report funded by the Economic and Social Research Council which warned that Britain would lose up to £70 billion in reduced economic growth if it didn’t retain Single Market membership, with new trade deals unable to make up the difference.[148] One of these areas is financial services, which are helped by EU-wide “passporting” for financial products, which the Financial Times estimates indirectly accounts for up to 71,000 jobs and 10 billion pounds of tax annually,[149] and some banks have announced plans to relocate some of their operations outside the UK.[150]
On 5 January 2017, Andy Haldane, the Chief Economist and the Executive Director of Monetary Analysis and Statistics at the Bank of England, admitted that forecasts predicting an economic downturn due to the referendum were inaccurate and noted strong market performance after the referendum,[151][152][153] although some have pointed to prices rising faster than wages.[154]
Brexit requires relocating the offices and staff of the European Medicines Agency and European Banking Authority, currently based in London.[155] The EU is also investigating the feasibility of restricting the clearing of euro-denominated trades to Eurozone jurisdictions, attempting to end London’s dominance in this sector.[156]
Effect on academic research[edit]
Main article: Brexit and arrangements for science and technology
The UK received more from the EU for research than it contributed[157] with universities getting just over 10% of their research income from the EU.[158] All funding for net beneficiaries from the EU, including universities, was guaranteed by the government in August 2016.[159] Before the funding announcement, a newspaper investigation reported that some research projects were reluctant to include British researchers due to uncertainties over funding.[160]
Currently the UK is part of the European Research Area and the UK is likely to wish to remain an associated member.[161]
Scotland[edit]
As predicted before the referendum,[162] the Scottish Government announced that officials were planning a second independence referendum on the day after the UK voted to leave and Scotland voted to stay.[163] In March 2017, the SNP leader and First Minister Nicola Sturgeon requested a second Scottish independence referendum for 2018 to 2019 (before Brexit is expected to take effect).[164] The Prime Minister immediately rejected the requested timing (although not the referendum itself).[165] The referendum was approved by the Scottish Parliament on 28 March 2017. Sturgeon is calling for a “phased return” of an independent Scotland back to the EU.[166]
After the referendum, Nicola Sturgeon also stated that Scotland might refuse consent for legislation required to leave the EU,[167] though some lawyers argue that Scotland cannot block Brexit.[168]
International agreements[edit]
The Financial Times approximates there to be 759 international agreements, spanning 168 non-EU countries, that the UK would no longer be a party to upon leaving the EU.[169] This figure does not include World Trade Organisation or United Nations opt-in accords, and excludes “narrow agreements”, which may have to be renegotiated as well.[169]
Options for continuing relationship with the EU[edit]
Main article: Continuing UK relationship with the EU
The UK’s post-Brexit relationship with the remaining EU members could take several forms. A research paper presented to the UK Parliament in July 2013 proposed a number of alternatives to membership which would continue to allow access to the EU internal market. These include remaining in the European Economic Area,[170]negotiating deep bilateral agreements on the Swiss model,[170] or exit from the EU without EEA membership or a trade agreement under the WTO Option. There may be an interim deal between the time the UK leaves the EU and when the final relationship comes in force.
Relations with the Republic of Ireland[edit]

The UK/Republic of Ireland border at Killeen marked only by a speed sign marked in km/h
The Republic of Ireland, Northern Ireland and the United Kingdom as a whole share, since the 1920s, a Common Travel Areawithout border controls. According to statements by Theresa May and Enda Kenny, it is intended to maintain this arrangement.[171] After Brexit, in order to prevent illegal migration across the open Northern Irish land border into the United Kingdom, the Irish and British governments suggested in October 2016 a plan whereby British border controls would be applied to Irish ports and airports. This would prevent a “hard border” arising between the Republic of Ireland and Northern Ireland.[172]However, this agreement was never official and was met by opposition from political parties in the Republic of Ireland,[173] and there is still great uncertainty in relation to a ‘hard border’ between the Republic and Northern Ireland.[174]
On 23 March 2017, it was confirmed that British immigration officials would not be allowed to use Irish ports and airports in order to combat immigration concerns following Brexit.[175] A referendum for the reunification of Ireland was suggested by Sinn Féin leader Martin McGuinness immediately after the UK EU referendum results were announced.[176] Creating a border control system between Ireland and Northern Ireland could jeopardise the Good Friday Agreement established in 1998.[177] In April 2017 the European Council agreed that, in the event of Irish reunification, Northern Ireland would rejoin the EU.[178]
Border with France[edit]
The President of the Regional Council of Hauts-de-France, Xavier Bertrand, stated in February 2016 that “If Britain leaves Europe, right away the border will leave Calais and go to Dover. We will not continue to guard the border for Britain if it’s no longer in the European Union,” indicating that the juxtaposed controls would end with a leave vote. French Finance Minister Emmanuel Macron also suggested the agreement would be “threatened” by a leave vote.[179] These claims have been disputed, as the Le Touquet 2003 treaty enabling juxtaposed controls was not an EU treaty, and would not be legally void upon leaving.[180]
After the Brexit vote, Xavier Bertrand asked François Hollande to renegotiate the Touquet agreement,[181] which can be terminated by either party with two years’ notice.[182] Hollande rejected the suggestion, and said: “Calling into question the Touquet deal on the pretext that Britain has voted for Brexit and will have to start negotiations to leave the Union doesn’t make sense.” Bernard Cazeneuve, the French Interior Minister, confirmed there would be “no changes to the accord”. He said: “The border at Calais is closed and will remain so.”[183]
Gibraltar and Spain[edit]
Main article: Gibraltar after Brexit
During the campaign leading up to the referendum[184] the Chief Minister of Gibraltar warned that Brexit posed a threat to Gibraltar’s safety.[185] Gibraltar overwhelmingly voted to remain in the EU. After the result Spain’s Foreign Minister renewed calls for joint Spanish–British control of the peninsula.[186] These calls were strongly rebuffed by Gibraltar’s Chief Minister[187] and questions were raised over the future of free-flowing traffic at the Gibraltar–Spain border.[188] The British government states it will only negotiate on the sovereignty of Gibraltar with the consent of its people.[189]”
For more information please visit the following link:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brexit

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Nobel Peace Prizes and other Nobel Prizes in other disciplines

Nobel Peace Prizes and other Nobel Prizes in other disciplines,

2016 and Previous Years

“There are many causes that I am prepared to die for but no causes that I am prepared to kill for.”
Mahatma Gandhi
The Story of My Experiments with Truth, 1927
2 October, is the International Day of Non-Violence, marked on the birthday of Mahatma Gandhi. Gandhi was nominated for the #NobelPeacePrize a few days before he was murdered on 30 January 1948.
More on Gandhi and the #NobelPeacePrize at Nobelprize.org: https://goo.gl/eqkkHI

Nelson Mandela casts his vote in the first South African elections held without the discrimination of voters on grounds of race – on 27 April in 1994. It was the first time Mandela had voted in his life.
From Nelson Mandela’s 1993 Nobel Peace Prize Lecture:
“We stand here today as nothing more than a representative of the millions of our people who dared to rise up against a social system whose very essence is war, violence, racism, oppression, repression and the impoverishment of an entire people.”
To watch the lecture: https://www.nobelprize.org/mediaplayer/index.php?id=1855 #PeaceDay
Photographer: Paul Weinberg. License: CC BY-SA 3.0. Source: Wikimedia Commons.

 

Nobel Peace Prize For Colom bia’s Juan Manuel Santos
• 7 October 2016
• From the section Latin America & Caribbean
Colombian President Juan Manuel Santos has been awarded the Nobel Peace Prize for his efforts to end the 52-year conflict with left-wing rebels.
The Nobel committee praised him for a peace deal signed with Farc rebels, but rejected by Colombians in a vote.
Mr. Santos said he dedicated the award to “all the victims of the conflict”, and the Farc leader congratulated him.
About 260,000 people have been killed and more than six million internally displaced in Colombia.
The award did not include Farc leader Rodrigo Londono, known as Timochenko, who also signed the accord.
• Who are the Farc?
• Colombia media hopeful over Santos peace prize
• Viewpoint: What next for Colombia?
• Santos: From hawk to dove
The head of the Nobel commitee said the award recognised the president’s “resolute efforts” to end the conflict.
“The award should also be seen as a tribute to the Colombian people who, despite great hardships and abuses, have not given up hope of a just peace, and to all the parties who have contributed to the peace process,” Kaci Kullman Five added.
For more information please visit the following link:
https://www.bbc.com/news/world-latin-america-37585188

Nobel Peace Prize For Colom bia’s Juan Manuel Santos
Juan Manuel Santo
• Born in Bogota in 10 August 1951 in an influential family
• Elected Colombian president in 2010 and re-elected in 2014
• Served as defence minister from 2006 until 2009
• Married, has two sons and one daughter
Sources: BBC Monitoring, Colombian presidency
For more information please visit the following link:
https://www.bbc.com/news/world-latin-america-37585188

 Colombia President Juan Manuel Santos awarded Nobel Peace Prize for bid to end half-century conflict
Colombian President Juan Manuel Santos won the Nobel Peace Prize for his efforts to end a 52-year-old war with Marxist rebels, a surprise choice and a show of support after Colombians rejected a peace accord last Sunday. (Reuters)
By Michael Birnbaum and Nick Miroff October 7 at 2:22 PM
BRUSSELS — Five days after the worst defeat of his political career, Colombian President Juan Manuel Santos was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize on Friday for his dogged, but unfulfilled, effort to end a half-century of civil war.
The Norwegian Nobel Committee said it made the decision because of Santos’s landmark attempt to stamp out one of the world’s longest-running conflicts, which has killed more than 220,000 people and driven at least 7 million from their homes since 1964.
Juan Manuel Santos was recognized for his work to end a half-century conflict with Marxist rebels in his country.
For more information please visit the following link:
https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/colombia-president-juan-manuel-santos-awarded-nobel-peace-prize-for-efforts-to-bring-peace-to-his-nation/2016/10/07/c6e0d3c4-8a84-11e6-8cdc-4fbb1973b506_story.html

Colombia President Juan Manuel Santos awarded Nobel Peace Prize for bid to end half-century conflict                                                                                                          Peace in Colombia
It Is a Good Example for Syrian Leaders
Peace for All Syrians and for Humanity as a Whole
‘Last armed conflict in western hemisphere’
Colombian President Juan Manuel Santos and Farc leader Timoleon Jimenez, known as Timochenko, will sign an agreement at a ceremony on Monday, 26 September, 2016.
• From the section Latin America & Caribbean
https://www.bbc.com/news/video_and_audio/headlines/37469364
Colombia peace deal: Historic agreement is signed
Analysis, by the BBC’s Lyse Doucet in Cartagena:
The Farc’s 52-year fight
Image copyright Reuters
1964: Set up as armed wing of Communist Party
2002: At its height, it had an army of 20,000 fighters controlling up to a third of the country. Senator Ingrid Betancourt kidnapped and held for six years along with 14 other hostages
2008: The Farc suffers a series of defeats in its worst year
2012: Start of peace talks in Havana
2016: Definitive ceasefire
For more information please visit the following link:
https://www.bbc.com/news/world-latin-america-37477202

Nobel Peace Prize
The heroines of peace-the 16 women awarded with the Nobel Peace Prize so far (1901-2015)
Celebrating Peace Day with the 16 Heroines of Peace
1905: Bertha von Suttner
1931: Jane Addams
1946: Emily Greene Balch
1976: Betty Williams
1976: Mairead Corrigan
1979: Mother Teresa
1982: Alva Myrdal
1991: Aung San Suu Kyi
1992: Rigoberta Menchu Tum
1997: Jody Williams
2003: Shirin Ebadi
2004: Wangari Muta Maathai
2011: Ellen Johnson Shirleaf
2011: Leymah Gbowee
2011: Tawakkol Karman
2014: Malala Yousafzai
For more information please visit the following link:
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Dr. Wangari Maathai, 2004 #NobelPeacePrize – Founder of a grass roots movement to combat deforestation, she “thought globally and acted locally”.
In 1977, Maathai started a grass-roots movement aimed at countering the deforestation that was threatening the means of subsistence of the agricultural population in Kenya.
The campaign encouraged women to plant trees in their local environments and to think ecologically. The so-called Green Belt Movement spread to other African countries, and contributed to the planting of over 30 million trees.
Wangari Maathai shared the Peace Prize “for her contribution to sustainable development, democracy and peace”. Her mobilization of African women was not limited in its vision to work for sustainable development; she saw tree-planting in a broader perspective which included democracy, women’s rights, and international solidarity.
In the words of the Nobel Committee: “She thinks globally and acts locally.”

Photo: Wangari Maathai (1940–2011) during an interview for Nobelprize.org in Stockholm, 2 April 2009. Photographer: Annalisa B. Andersson. © Nobel Media AB.
For more information please visit the following link:
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Rest in Peace Mr. Shimon Peres. Your biggest contribution for your country and the world was to lay the groundwork for Peace between Israel and Palestine. It is now up to the citizens of Israel and Palestine to complete Shimon Peres dream of peace between these two countries, living side by side with prosperity in peaceful coexistence for all.
• Ing-On Vibulbhan-Watts, Friday, September 30, 2016
Shimon Peres and Nelson Mandela, after a meeting at Mandela’s house in Houghton, Johannesburg, Tuesday Sept. 3, 2002.AP
The one thing Shimon Peres longed for in life remained out of his reach
How Shimon Peres’ last tweet reflected his forward-thinking spirit
Shimon Peres changed from hawk to dove ‘before my eyes,’ says author Amos Oz
For more information please visit the following link:
https://www.haaretz.com/israel-news/1.744917

• From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
• Yitzhak Rabin, Shimon Peres and Yasser Arafat receiving the Nobel Peace Prize following the Oslo Accords in 1994 for the Middle East Peace Process.
• From 1990 Peres led the opposition in the Knesset until, in early 1992, he was defeated in the first primary elections of the new Israeli Labor Party (which had been formed by the consolidation of the Alignment into a single unitary party) by Yitzhak Rabin, whom he had replaced fifteen years earlier.[29] Peres remained active in politics, however, serving as Rabin’s foreign minister from 1992.[29] Secret negotiations with Yasser Arafat’s PLOorganization led to the Oslo Accords, which won Peres, Rabin and Arafat the Nobel Peace Prize. But in 2002, members of the Norwegian committee that awards the annual Nobel Peace Prize stated they regretted that Mr Peres’ prize could not be recalled. Because he had not acted to prevent Israel’s re-occupation of Palestinian territory, he had not lived up to the ideals he expressed when he accepted the prize, and he was involved in human rights abuses.[56]
• For more information please visit the following link:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shimon_Peres                                                                                                Shimon Peres funeral: Leaders hail legacy of former Israeli leader
“Peace is not the pursuit of war by other means. Peace consists of putting an end to the red ink of past history and starting anew in a different color.”                               
Shimon Peres, 1996[54]
• BBC News from the section Middle East
• For more information please visit the following link:
https://www.bbc.com/news/world-middle-east-37515057

Bob Dylan
Born Robert Allen Zimmerman, May 24, 1941 (age 75), Duluth, Minnesota, U.S.
Residence Malibu, California, U.S.
Other names Elston Gunnn, Blind Boy Grunt, Bob Landy, Robert Milkwood Thomas,
Tedham Porterhouse, Lucky Wilbury, Boo Wilbury, Jack Frost, Sergei Petrov
Occupation Singer-songwriter, artist, writer
Years active 1959–present[1]
Home town Hibbing, Minnesota, U.S.
Religion Judaism, Christianity
Spouse(s) Sara Dylan (m. 1965;div. 1977), Carolyn Dennis (m. 1986;div. 1992)
Children Maria Dylan (adopted), Jesse Dylan, Anna Dylan, Samuel Dylan, Jakob Dylan
Desiree Dennis-Dylan
Musical career
Genres Folk, blues, rock, country, gospel
Instruments Vocals, guitar, keyboards,harmonica
Labels Columbia, Asylum
Associated acts Joan Baez, The Band, Johnny Cash, Grateful Dead, George Harrison,
Mark Knopfler, Tom Petty and the Heartbreakers,Traveling Wilburys

BREAKING NEWS
The 2016 ?Nobel Prize in Literature is awarded to
Bob Dylan
“for having created new poetic expressions within the great American song tradition”.
Prize motivation in Swedish:
“som skapat nya poetiska uttryck inom den stora amerikanska sångtraditionen”.
Age: 75
Born: May 24, 1941 in Duluth, Minnesota, USA
Press release: goo.gl/xgiAKO
Biobibliographical notes in English: goo.gl/CXyTDt
Biobibliographical notes in Swedish: goo.gl/CXhZrj
Press material in French, German and Spanish will be available later this afternoon.
Biobibliographical notes
Bob Dylan was born on May 24, 1941 in Duluth, Minnesota. He grew up in a Jewish middle-class family in the city of Hibbing. As a teenager he played in various bands and with time his interest in music deepened, with a particular passion for American folk music and blues. One of his idols was the folk singer Woody Guthrie. He was also influenced by the early authors of the Beat Generation, as well as by modernist poets.
Dylan moved to New York in 1961 and began to perform in clubs and cafés in Greenwich Village. He met the record producer John Hammond with whom he signed a contract for his debut album, called Bob Dylan (1962). In the following years he recorded a number of albums which have had a tremendous impact on popular music: Bringing It All Back Home and High-way 61 Revisited in 1965, Blonde On Blonde in 1966 and Blood On The Tracks in 1975. His productivity continued in the following decades, resulting in masterpieces like Oh Mercy (1989), Time Out Of Mind (1997) and Modern Times (2006).
Dylan’s tours in 1965 and 1966 attracted a lot of attention. For a period he was accompa-nied by film maker D. A. Pennebaker, who documented life around the stage in what would come to be the movie Dont Look Back (1967). Dylan has recorded a large number of albums revolving around topics like the social conditions of man, religion, politics and love. The lyrics have continuously been published in new editions, under the title Lyrics. As an artist, he is strikingly versatile; he has been active as painter, actor and scriptwriter.
Besides his large production of albums, Dylan has published experimental work like Taran-tula (1971) and the collection Writings and Drawings (1973). He has written the autobiog-raphy Chronicles (2004), which depicts memories from the early years in New York and which provides glimpses of his life at the center of popular culture. Since the late 1980s, Bob Dylan has toured persistently, an undertaking called the “Never-Ending Tour”. Dylan has the status of an icon. His influence on contemporary music is profound, and he is the object of a steady stream of secondary literature.

Website bobdylan.com
Bob Dylan at Azkena Rock Festival in Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain, in June 2010
For more information please visit the following links:
https://www.facebook.com/nobelprize
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bob_Dylan

 

 Nobel Prize
The official Nobel portrait photo of Svetlana Alexievich, awarded the 2015 Nobel Prize in Literature “for her polyphonic writings, a monument to suffering and courage in our time”.
Photo: Alexander Mahmoud. © Nobel Media AB 2015.
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Nobel Prize
The 12 Nobel medicine women
1947: Gerty Theresa Cori
1977: Rosalyn Yalow
1983: Barbara McClintock
1986: Rita Levi-Montalcini
1988: Gertrude B. Elion
1995: Christiane Nusslein-Volhard
2004: Linda B. Buck
2008: Francoise Barre- Sinoussi
2009: Carol W. Greider
2009: Elizabeth H. Blackburn
2014: May-Britt Moser
2015: Youyou Tu
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Nobel Prizes 2016
Physics
– David J. Thouless
– F. Duncan M. Haldane
– J. Michael Kosterlitz
“for theoretical discoveries of topological phase transitions and topological phases of matter”
https://www.facebook.com/nobelprize
https://www.nobelprize.org/

This year’s chemistry Nobel Prize has been awarded to Jean-Pierre Sauvage, Sir J. Fraser Stoddart and Bernard L. Feringa for the design and synthesis of molecular machines. https://go.nature.com/2de9bsc
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The Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences, Stockholm, Sweden awarded the Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2016 jointly to Jean-Pierre Sauvage, Sir J. Fraser Stoddart and Bernard L. Feringa “for the design and synthesis of molecular machines”.
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Jean-Pierre Sauvage, J Fraser Stoddart and Bernard L Feringa win 2016 Nobel Prize in Chemistry
Trio of Jean-Pierre Sauvage, J Fraser Stoddart and Bernard L Feringa have won the prestigious 2016 Nobel Prize in Chemistry. Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences has chosen them for this award for their individual efforts in developing molecular machines. These three laureates will share the 8 million Swedish kronor (around $933,000) prize equally. What are molecular machines? Molecular machines or nanomachines are the world’s smallest machines. Their working is inspired by proteins that naturally act as biological machines within cells. Molecular machines are discrete number of synthetic molecular components fused together. They produce quasi-mechanical movements in response to specific external stimuli such as light or temperature change. Molecular machines can be put to work as tiny motors, pistons ratchets or wheels to produce mechanical motion and can move objects many time their size. Future Potential Applications: Molecular machines can be developed to function as artificial muscles to power tiny robots or even prosthetic limbs in case of Bionics. They may lead to developments like new sensors, materials and energy storage systems. They can be used to deliver drugs within the human body directly to target a specific area of tissue to medicate or cancerous cells. They can be used to design of a molecular computer which could be placed inside the body to detect disease even before any symptoms are exhibited. Contributions of Jean-Pierre Sauvage (France): He had taken first step towards a molecular machine in 1983, after he successfully linkied together two ring-shaped molecules to form a chain. J Fraser Stoddart (Britain): In 1991, he threaded a molecular ring onto a thin molecular axle and successfully demonstrated that the ring was able to move along the axle. Bernard L Feringa (Netherlands): He is the first person to develop a molecular motor. In 1999 successfully designed molecular rotor blade to spin continually in the same direction. He also had designed nanocar using molecular motors.
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Nobel Prize
October 11 at 2:39pm •
Fraser Stoddart, awarded the 2016 #NobelPrize in Chemistry together with Jean-Pierre Sauvage and Bernard L. Feringa.
Photo: Denise Wilson, The University of Edinburgh
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Embassy of the Netherlands in Hungary with Ben Feringa and Nobel Prize.
October 10 at 12:19pm •
Dutch synthetic organic chemist Bernard L. Feringa receives Nobel Prize
Teamed up with Jean-Pierre Sauvage and Sir J. Fraser Stoddart, Prof. Feringa created the world’s smallest machines – molecules with controllable movements, which can perform a task when energy is added. “The 2016 Nobel Laureates in Chemistry have miniaturised machines and taken chemistry to a new dimension” – the Nobel Committee`s laudation reads. Prof. Ben L. Feringa obtained his PhD. at the University of Groningen, where he was appointed full professor in 1988, after working as research scientist for Shell. Under his guidance the Feringa group has developed extensive expertise in the fields of organic chemistry, nanotechnology, asymmetric catalysis. His discovery of the molecular motor ranks highly among the many discoveries made over the years.
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Dutch synthetic organic chemist Bernard L. Feringa receives Nobel Prize
The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2016 is awarded to Jean-Pierre Sauvage, Sir J. Fraser Stoddart and Bernard L. Feringa for their design and production of molecular machines. They have developed molecules with controllable movements, which can perform a task when energy is added. https://bit.ly/2e1Ll6H
2016 Nobel Prize in Chemistry Awarded for World’s Tiniest Machines
The Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences has awarded the Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2016 to for the design and synthesis of molecular machines.
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Nobel laureates in Physics

In 1910 Johannes Diderik van der Waals of Netherlands received Nobel Prize in Physics
“for his work on the equation of state for gases and liquids”[16]

In 1911 Wilhelm Wien of Germany received Nobel Prize in Physics
“for his discoveries regarding the laws governing the radiation of heat”[17]

In 1012 Nils Gustaf Dalén of Sweden received Nobel Prize in Physics
“for his invention of automatic valves designed to be used in combination with gas accumulators in lighthouses and buoys”[18]

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Nobel laureates in Physics
In 1908 Gabriel Lippmann of France received Nobel Prize in Physics
“for his method of reproducing colours photographically based on the phenomenon of interference”[14]

In 1909 Guglielmo Marconi of Italy and Karl Ferdinand Braun of Germany received Nobel Prize in Physics
“for their contributions to the development of wireless telegraphy”[15]

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Nobel laureates in Physics
In 1905 Philipp Eduard Anton von Lenard of Austria-Hungary & Germany received Nobel Prize in Physics
“for his work on cathode rays”[11]

In 1906 Joseph John Thomson of United Kingdom received Nobel Prize in Physics
“for his theoretical and experimental investigations on the conduction of electricity by gases”[12]

In 1907 Albert Abraham Michelson of United States received Nobel Prize in Physics
“for his optical precision instruments and the spectroscopic and metrological investigations carried out with their aid”[13]

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Nobel laureates in Physics

The first Nobel Prize in Physics was awarded in 1901 to Wilhelm Conrad Röntgen, of Germany, who received 150,782 SEK, which is equal to 7,731,004 SEK in December 2007.
“in recognition of the extraordinary services he has rendered by the discovery of the remarkable rays subsequently named after him”[7]

In 1902 Hendrik Lorentz, and Pieter Zeeman, of Netherlands received Nobel Prize in Physics
“in recognition of the extraordinary service they rendered by their researches into the influence of magnetism upon radiation phenomena”[8]

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Nobel Prize
Albert Einstein’s letter to Marie Curie in November 1911 when he told her to ignore the haters:
“Highly esteemed Mrs Curie,
Do not laugh at me for writing you without having anything sensible to say. But I am so enraged by the base manner in which the public is presently daring to concern itself with you that I absolutely must give vent to this feeling…”
Marie Curie was awarded the #NobelPrize in Physics 1903 and in Chemistry 1911. Albert Einstein was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics 1921.
Story on the letter: https://www.itsokaytobesmart.com/…/albert-einstein-marie-cur…
Also explore the Einstein Papers at: https://einsteinpapers.press.princeton.edu/
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“Falling in love is not at all the most stupid thing that people do – but gravitation cannot be held responsible for it.”
Albert Einstein apparently scribbled this on a letter sent to him from a correspondent in 1933 – asking the influential Nobel Prize-awarded physicist if ‘perhaps it was while upside down, standing on their heads, that people fell in love and did other foolish things’?

The story is recorded in the book Albert Einstein, The Human Side: Glimpses from His Archives, edited by Helen Dukas and Banesh Hoffmann with Ze’ev Rosenkranz (Princeton UP, 2013).
Photo: Einstein in the library of Paul Ehrenfest’s home. Leiden, 1916. Source: Boerhaave Museum (p08608). Public Domain. Via Wikimedia Commons.
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Nobel laureates in Physics
In 1904 Pierre Curie, (Maria Sk?odowska-Curie’s husband) of France and Maria Sk?odowska-Curie of Poland & France received Nobel Prize in Physics
“for their joint researches on the radiation phenomena discovered by Professor Henri Becquerel”[9]

In 1904 Lord Rayleigh of United Kingdom received Nobel Prize in Physics
“for his investigations of the densities of the most important gases and for his discovery of argon in connection with these studies”[10]

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Nobel Prize
Marie Curie (née Sklodowska) is the only individual who has been awarded the #NobelPrize in both Physics (1903) and Chemistry (1911).
FAQ on Marie Curie: https://www.nobelprize.org/…/laure…/1903/marie-curie-faq.html
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Nobel Prize
Trivia about twice Nobel Prize-awarded scientist – and teacher – Prof. Marie Curie (1867–1934), center in photo with four of her students:

• She was born Maria Sk?odowska, the youngest of five children of a teaching couple.

• She attended an illegal “floating university” in her youth – a night school changing locations to elude authorities during a time of czarist Russia’s occupation of Poland, that forbade women to study at university.

• At age 16, Curie starts work as a private tutor and later governess to help support her elder sister Bronya’s medical schooling in Paris. The agreement is that Bronya will return the favour after graduating.

• Outside of work, Curie spends spare time teaching the illiterate children of her employer’s peasant laborers. She is 24 when she finally joins Bronya in Paris to begin studies at the University of Sorbonne.

• By the time of her marriage to physicist and collaborator Pierre Curie in 1895 (with whom she is awarded her first Nobel Prize in Physics 1903 for research on radiation), Marie holds two master’s degrees – in physics and math – and decides to earn a certificate that will allow her to teach science to young women.

• In 1897, she becomes the first lecturer at France’s most renowned teacher training institution for women, introducing lab work to the physics curriculum.

• In 1906 she becomes the first woman to teach at the University of Sorbonne.

• Also in 1906, Marie Curie helps start and run a cooperative school with a number of other professional parents who disapproved of the rigid French school system.

One of the pupils is Marie Curie’s oldest daughter Irène, who grows up to join her mother’s research staff at the Radium Institute, along with husband Frederic Joliot.

The couple Joliot-Curie discovered artificial radioactivity and were jointly awarded the 1935 Nobel Prize for Chemistry.


Sources: Marie Curie and the Science of Radioactivty” by Naomi Pasachoff, online exhibit at the American Institute of Physics:https://www.aip.org/history/exhibits/curie/sitemap.htm
Nobelprize.org story on the Curies and their work:https://goo.gl/l471NC

Photo: taken between 1910 and 1915 by unknown photographer. Source: Library of Congress. No known copyright restrictions.
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